THE VETERINARY SCIENCE 
The horns of calves may be killed or prevented from de- 
veloping if operated upon when they are about a week old. 
When the little horn first appears dip a stick of caustic potash 
in water, rub it well into the skin about the point at which 
the horn is making its appearance. One burning in this 
manner is sufficient in most cases. If necessary, however, 
the burning may be repeated in a few days — a little heavier 
than before. 
2. Bleeding. 
Tie a small rope around the neck, just in front of the 
shoulders, so that it will raise the jugular vein, then take the 
largest blade of an ordinary fleames, hold it lengthwise, fair 
in the centre over the vein. Hit the fleames a sharp tap with 
a piece of hardwood, hit hard enough to cut the vein. Catch 
the blood in a pail. Take from four to eight quarts away. 
When you have enough blood drawn, let the rope slack, run 
a pin through the two edges of the cut and wind a string 
around the pin in the form of a figure eight and tie it there. 
Keep the animal in the stable, and feed from a high manger, 
for twenty-four hours, then remove the pin and allow the 
animal to go. In this operation, as in all others, have every- 
thing clean for fear of blood poisoning. 
3. Drenching. 
Always mix drenches for cattle in a large quantity of 
water. It has a tendency to wash out the paunch more 
quickly and has a better action. 
While an assistant holds the horns take hold of the nose 
with the left hand ; hold ^he liead a little above the level and 
with the right hand place the neck of the bottle well back 
into the mouth and allow the contents to run down the throat. 
Do not remove the bottle until empty unless the animal 
coughs. Should this occur remove the bottle and allow the 
head to be lowered. After the fit of coughing has subsided 
continue as before. 
Be careful, especially in lung diseases, as there is con- 
siderable danger of choking. 
4. Spaying. 
This operation is best performed in the spring of the 
year. It is carried on to a great extent through this con- 
tinent, especially on ranches where cattle are raised for ship- 
