THE VETERINARY SCIENCE 
teeth well back. There is no necessity to force the teeth 
apart, merely keep the head elevated until the dose is swal- 
lowed. • 
A vicious dog must of course as a last resort be muzzled 
and securely tied so that the danger of being bitten, as well 
as the irritation to the dog by being roughly handled, maybe 
avoided. 
6. Temperature. 
A clinical thermometer placed in the rectum under normal 
conditions registers from 100° to 102'\ Below 97° or over 
106° indicates a serious derangement of the system. 
7. The Pulse. 
The pulse may be feit just inside of the thigii -'nd rarics 
normally with age. The pulse of pups ranges from as low 
as 120 to as high as 160 beats per minute. This decreases 
gradually until at maturity or over a year it ranges normally 
from 70 to 90 per minute. 
In taking the temperature or pulse see that the animal is 
not excited and at perfect rest. 
