DOGS, CATS AND POULTRY 
565 
then a few drops of carbolic acid. Place this in the box 
with the patient. The bran and water will continue to 
steam for some time, the steam is charged with the disin- 
fectant and breathed by the patient. Remove in a few min- 
utes and replace by another if necessary. Be sure to avoid 
drafts and cold, both at the time of and after this treatment. 
Fig. 108. A Steaming Box. 
4. Gapes. 
This disease derives its name from the peculiar manner 
in which the patient raises its head and opens its mouth. It 
is a very serious matter to deal with, and something that is 
often quite wrongly treated. We give our own special 
experience and method of coping with it. This we have 
found to be quite successful. 
Causes. — It is not generally known that gapes is caused 
by a small reddish worm in the trachea or windpipe. We are 
unable to say just what is the origin of these worms further 
than to state that they always make their appearance in 
dirty, filthy, damp runs and pens. 
The disease is infectious, and members of a flock be- 
come infected in the following manner: The worm multi- 
plies very rapidly, the eggs are many. These and the worms 
also are coughed up and become adhered to the grass, feed, 
etc., and find their way into the drinking pans and feed 
dishes. Here they are eaten by the healthy fowl and find 
their way again to the windpipe. The worms and eggs are 
also eaten by other insects, particularly the common earth 
worm, and in this manner are also eaten by the fowL 
