598 
THE VETERINARY SCIENCE 
9. Camphor. 
Source. — Camphor is the product of a tall, evergreen tree 
known as the Laurel Camphor, which grows in Japan, China, 
and different parts of Europe. The branches are cut and 
boiled in water and the camphor rises to the top in the form 
of gum. 
Action and Use. — It is mostly used in mixtures for 
coughs, sore throat and heaves. It is best used as directed 
in the receipt for chronic cough, and heaves or broken wind. 
10. Castor Oil. 
Source. — Castor Oil is obtained from the seeds of a 
shrubby tree that grows in Africa, Southern Europe, and 
South America. 
Action and Use. — It is a mild physic, similar to raw 
linseed oil. It is used but little for horses or cattle, but is 
sometimes given to dogs, pigs, and young animals. 
Dose. — For horses, 1 pint; cattle, 1 pint; sheep, pint; 
pigs and dogs, 1 ounce or 4 dessertspoonfuls. It takes about 
twenty-four hours to operate on the bowels of horses and 
cattle, while when given to sheep, pigs and dogs it only 
takes about twelve hours to operate. The best way to give 
castor oil to pigs and dogs is to give 2 dessertspoonfuls every 
night and morning until you get the action required. 
11. Catechu. 
Source. — Catechu is obtained by boiling the chips of a 
tree that grows in Africa and Southern Asia. The form 
mostly used in practice is known as Tincture of Catechu. 
Action and Use. — It acts as an astringent on the bowels 
for diarrhoea. Thus it is used in cases of diarrhoea, and 
checks it in most animals. It is also used for coloring the 
White Lotion, a few drops making it a nice dark color. 
Dose. — Tincture of Catechu — For horses, 2 to 4 drams or 
2 to 4 teaspoonfuls ; cattle, 4 to 6 drams or 4 to 6 teaspoon- 
fuls; sheep, 2 drams or 2 teaspoonfuls; pigs and dogs, 1 dram 
or 1 teaspoonful. These doses may be given in gruel or in i 
pint of lukewarm water three or four times a day until the 
diarrhoea is stopped. 
12. Croton Oil. 
Source. — Croton Oil is extracted from the seeds of a tree 
that grows in the southern parts of Asia. 
