MEDICINES AND RECEIPTS 
603 
the tongue with a spoon; for sheep, pigs or dogs give one- 
half teaspoonful. 
25. Olive Oil. 
Source. — Olive Oil is extracted from the seeds of an 
evergreen tree that grows in Southern Europe. 
Action and Use. — It is not used interndly to any extent, 
but is used externally for soothing and healing irritated 
wounds. It may be used in its pure state or be mixed with 
carbolic acid — 10 drops of carbolic acid to 4 ounces of olive 
oil. 
26. Oil of Tar. 
Source. — Oil of Tar is a product of the pine tree, and is 
used in the form of a dark, thick, sticky liquid possessing a 
tar-like smell. 
Action and Use. — It is chiefly used in cases of chronic 
cough and is a very eflfectual remedy. Give a teaspoonful 
three times a day in the horse's feed, or on the tongue with 
a spoon. 
27. Oil of Male Shield Fern. 
Source. — Oil of Male Shield Fern is obtained from a 
shrub that usually grows along the side of the road in most 
temperate countries. It is a dark, thick, oily liquid. 
Action and Use. — It is a most effectual remedy for 
worms, especially tapeworms, in all animals. 
Dose. — For horses, 3 to 4 drams ; cattle, 3 to 4 drams ; 
sheep and pigs, 1 to 2 drams; dogs, J/^ to 1 dram. Before 
giving it to cattle and horses have them starved for twenty- 
four hours, then give the above mentioned dose mixed in a 
pint of raw linseed oil or gruel ; feed very light for three 
days, and if the worm has not come away repeat the dose 
every third day until it does. Give it to sheep and pigs in 
the same manner, only in half the quantity mentioned of raw 
linseed oil or gruel. Give it to dogs in half a teacupful of 
new milk, in the same manner as for horses and cattle. For 
further particulars see ''Tapeworm" as treated for different 
animals. 
28. Pepper. 
Source. — Black pepper, which is the kind mostly used for 
animals, is from the berries of a climbing plant that grows in 
the West Indies, 
