Chap. III.] 
FOSSILS OF THE LINGULA-FLAGS. 
45 
Small species of Olenus are also found in the lowest fossiliferous strata 
of another British tract. In the black schists on the western flanks of 
the Malvern Hills, strata which I had termed Lower Silurian, Professor 
Phillips detected three species of this genus, viz., 0. humilis, Foss. 7. f. 1 ; 
0. bisulcatus, f . 2 ; 0. searabseoides (0. spinulosus, Ph.), f. 3. To these 
my late friend Mr. Hugh Strickland made the interesting addition of the 
Agnostus pisiformis, Linn., Foss. 7. f. 4, a fossil known in the oldest Silu- 
rian schists, or alum-slates, of Sweden, and there also associated with 
Olenus. This old fossiliferous stratum rests, in Scandinavia, on a sand- 
stone in which no other remains but Pucoids have been detected. In the 
equivalent underlying sandstone at Malvern (the Holly bush Sandstone and 
Conglomerate), Dr. Holl*, Dr. Grindrod, and others have discovered some 
fossils, — Scolithus, Trachyderma antiquissimum (Salter), Serpulites fistula 
(Holl), Obolella Phillipsii (Holl), Lingula squamosa (Holl), Orthis lenti- 
cularis (?), Ctenodonta, Theca, and Lituites. The black Olenus-shales are 
overlain by light-coloured shales containing Dictyonemaf sociale (Salter), 
first detected in the Malvern area by the Rev. W. S. Symonds, of Pendock. 
These Dictyonem a- shales occur also at Pedwardine, near Brampton- Bryan, 
in Herefordshire. 
M. Barrande again," in the ' Zone Primordiale ' of Bohemia, on the same 
low horizon of life, found Agnostus, Paradoxides, Conocoryphe, and other 
Trilobites, several of which have only of late years been discovered in our 
islands. (See Chap. XV.) For a full understanding of this important 
branch of the subject, reference must be made to the admirable work of 
M. Barrande, ' Le Bassin Silurien de Boheme.' This most remarkable and 
truly philosophical monograph is a monument of the talent and perseve- 
rance of the author, during a long residence in a foreign land, and exhibits 
a surprising combination of palaeontological knowledge with a faculty of 
accurately delineating the structure and arrangement of rocks. 
The researches of Mr. Salter amid these older rocks of "Wales have en- 
abled him to distinguish the two zones of Lingula-flags, and to work out 
in situ their characteristic fossils. He finds that the upper portion of the 
Lingula-flags (with which he parallels the Black Schists of Malvern above 
mentioned), besides containing Lingula Davisii and Agnostus, is charac- 
* Quart. Journ. G-eol. Soc. vol. xxi. pp. 89, 101, tween the Fenestellidae and G-raptolites. Its tex- 
&c. ture is horny. Its distribution in North Wales is 
t A newly discovered generic form, exceedingly described in Mr. Salter's Appendix to Professor 
interesting as showing a probable connexion be- Kamsay's ' Geology of North Wales,' p. 246 &c. 
Fossils (7). 
1. Olenus humilis, Phillips. 
2. O. bisulcatus, Phillips. 
3. O. scarabseoides, Wahl. ? 
4. Agnostus pisiformis, Linn. 
Trilobites from the Black 
Schists of the Malverns. 
