98 
SILUEIA. 
[Chap. V. 
Passing from the consideration of these physical features, other natural 
appearances on the flank of the Malvern Hills, described by Professor 
Phillips and myself, show how difficult it is to draw any definite line 
between the Upper Llandovery rock and the lowest portion of the over- 
lying Wenlock shale. To the west of the Worcestershire Beacon, or near 
the north end of the chain, there occurs an impure limestone, occupying 
nearly the same position at the summit of the Llandovery rocks, and known 
as the ' Hollies Limestone ' of Shropshire (pp. 90 & 91). Though this bed 
contains some fossils which truly belong to the lower group, such as Lep- 
tsena sericea and Orthis calligramma, yet it possesses many others which 
are characteristic of the Upper Silurian division. 
The reader should compare my original description * of this intermediary 
band of limestone, as it ranges by Stumps Wood , and other places west of 
the Malverns, with the more precise details of Professor Phillips and those 
by Dr. Holl. 
The Upper Silurian rocks of this tract have been here partially alluded 
to only, p. 95, my object being to show how very different is the suc- 
cession of strata beneath them to that which occurs in Shropshire and 
Wales, where the series is full and complete. It must however, be said 
that few tracts in England afford better examples for the study of the 
upper members of the system, as indicated in the little section, p. 95, 
to some features of which the attention of the reader will afterwards be 
called f. 
The insulated district of Woolhope, within a short distance of the Mal- 
vern Hills, exhibits the smallest portion only of the Upper Llandovery 
rock, in the centre of that remarkable valley of elevation which, fully 
exhibiting the whole of the Upper Silurian series, will be treated of in the 
sequel. It is well, however, here to note that the major axis of that 
elevation is from N.W. to S.E., and consequently at right angles to the 
main direction of all the Silurian rocks in Wales and the bordering 
counties of England, and also discordant to the N. and S. line of the 
Malvern Hills. 
Upper Llandovery or May Hill Sandstone. — At a distance of about nine 
miles to the south of the Malvern range, the same Upper Llandovery rocks 
reappear in May Hill and Huntley Hill, Gloucestershire, where also they 
are surmounted by Upper Silurian rocks. We have just seen that in 
* See Sil. Syst. p. 415. In his luminous memoir LymeEegis on the S.W., is so admirably displayed 
of the Malvern and Abberley Hills, and their ex- in the Cotteswold Hills and at Cheltenham, geo- 
ti'nsion to Woolhope, May Hill, &c., Professor logists have gratefully hailed the establishment 
Phillips has skilfully and elaborately developed of a Naturalists' Field-Club and Museum at Great 
all the physical contortions of the stnta in this Malvern (in which the late Eev. F. Dyson and 
district, and the mineral and palaeontological cha- the Eev. W. S. Symonds took a prominent part) 
rasters of the rocks. By the sound philosophical for the purpose of registering all the phenomena 
reflections with which it is interspersed, he has in which this beautiful and diversified neighbour- 
imparted great value to a work which reflects the hood abounds. (See other references in Chapters 
highest credit on the Geological Survey of Great VI. and VII.) I rejoice to say that, in addition 
Britain. to this association,six other Natural-History Clubs 
t As the Malvern Hills are within easy access have been established in the Silurian Eegion and 
of the Lias of the Vale of the Severn, and the Border-counties, viz. the Clubs or Societies of 
Oolitic range which, extending athwart England Woolhope, Dudley, the Severn Valley, Cotteswold, 
from Whitby and Scarborough on the N.E. to Caradoc, and Oswestry. 
