Chap. VII.] 
UPPER LUDLOW ROCKS. 
139 
amygdalina, &c. ; a bed charged with Platyschisma helicites and Lingula 
cornea then occurs, followed by other strata of somewhat different mineral 
character, containing the remains of Fishes and their coprolites, with the 
peculiar Crustacean Pterygotus, &c* 
The lowest of these overlying beds, as seen in the quarries towards 
the summit of Bradnor Hill, north of Kington, is a greyish and yellowish 
band, containing Platyschisma helicites, together with a species of Modio- 
lopsis, and Beyrichia Kloedeni, fossils which have been considered charac- 
teristic of the Upper Ludlow rockf . This is followed by a thin layer of 
naglike sandstone with many species of Onchus and the Lingula cornea. 
This thin layer, and another which is charged with fragments of Pterygoti 
and two species of Ichthyolites (Pteraspis), are surmounted by the bluish 
or light-grey, hard building-stone of Kington. This, again, is covered by 
less massive beds (also charged with the same Crustaceans and Fishes, 
together with fragments of carbonized Plants) that graduate insensibly into 
more micaceous and thin-splitting layers, formerly used as tiles. Now 
all these strata constitute the regular summit of the range of the Kington 
Hills, the soil of which is nowhere red, though, in following them in their 
gradual inclination to the south-east, into the lower grounds of Hereford- 
shire, on the banks of the River Arrow, they are seen to be covered by 
red marls and sandstone. 
In the environs of Ludlow, remains of Fishes and Crustaceans in beds at 
a higher level than the original Bone-bed have also been detected, chiefly 
through the close researches of Mr. Lightbody. In the railroad- cutting 
north-east of Ludlow, a small insulated portion of an olive- or grey- 
coloured shale was exposed J. It is faulted on the north-west against Old 
Red Sandstone, and is conformably surmounted on the south-east by red 
marls &c. The lowest visible layer at this spot is a finely levigated, liver- 
coloured and greyish rock in which certain Ichthyolites and other fossils 
occur ; and this passes upwards into an overlying reddish-brown micaceous 
sandstone, which in its turn graduates into red shale or marl. It is mani- 
fest, therefore, that this member is distinct from, and superior to, the first- 
described Ludlow Bone-bed (Sil. Syst. p. 198), since that stratum is fairly 
overlain by grey rocks and the Downton Castle building- stone. In the 
beds at the railroad there have been found fragments of Plectrodus and 
the Onchus M/urchisoni, as well as Lingula cornea and Beyrichia Kloedeni, 
* Quart. Journ. G-eol. Soc'vol. xii. p. 93. That pany with Prof. Eamsay and Mr. Aveline, I was 
these Kington rocks contain Coprolites similar to much gratified in looking through the valuable 
those described from Ludlow has been determined collection, made by Mr. Banks, of the fossils of 
by the analysis of Dr. Hofmann, late of the Go- the Ludlow rocks and the beds forming their na- 
vernment School of Mines, who found that these tural capping. The Ludlow bone-beds discovered 
bodies consist chiefly of phosphate of lime with by Mr. Lightbody were also visited by us, with 
small quantities of phosphate of magnesia, sili- Mr. Salter, who identified most of the fossils in 
cate of alumina, and sulphate of lime, with traces situ, and who found that the Pterygoti which 
of sesquioxide of iron, oxide of manganese, chlo- occur in this stratum were of several distinct 
ride of sodium, and organic matter. There are species. A Monograph, by Huxley and Salter, 
also in these rocks, extending from Kington to descriptive of these fossils, forms part of the Me- 
the south-west, perfectly round nodules, chiefly of moirs of the Geological Survey. 
iron-pyrites with a siliceous matrix. J See Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. Lond. vol. 
t When examining the beds at Kington in com- p. 290. 
xix. 
