Chap. XL] 
UPPEE DEVONIAN FOSSILS. 
279 
of Mr. Salter (who reexamined them carefully), a somewhat higher zone 
in the series, passing* insensibly into the Carboniferous group above. 
To begin with the beds of Petherwin in Cornwall. Here the uppermost beds, 
underlying the trough of culm-strata, consist of soft, fissile, grey slate, with 
some courses of impure limestone, /, as expressed in the previous section (p. 272). 
In this band a great number of fossils have been found ; and these, whatever 
ambiguity may attach to the beds of Barnstaple, clearly identify the Petherwin 
series with the Upper Devonian of many parts of the continent of Europe. Such 
are Phacops granulatus, Miinst., Foss. 75. f. 5 ; Clymenia undulata, Miinst., 
Fossils (75). Fossils op the Upper Devonian. 
1. Clymenia undulata, Miinst. 2. Cuculleea Hardingii, Sow. 3. Strophalosia ca- 
perata, Sow. 4. Spirifer disjunctus, Sow. (Verneuilii, Murch.). 5. Phacops granulatus, 
Miinst. 
f. 1 ,• C. laevigata, Miinst. ; C. striata, Miinst. ; Goniatites subsulcatus, Miinst. ; 
Cardiola retrostriata, Von Buch, and Productus subaculeatus, Murch. These 
fossils are not foimd in the Barnstaple series. Several species (probably 14 or 
15), however, are met with in both localities. Spirifer Urei, for instance, and 
Orthis interlineata are common fossils ; and these, with Spirifer disjunctus (or 
Verneuilii), a Devonian fossil of the Boulonnais, help to connect these beds 
with those on the north side of the culm-trough. On the other hand, the 
characteristic Trilobite Phacops latifrons, Bronn, so common at Barnstaple, is 
absent from the Petherwin deposits*. 
The most typical portion of the Upper Devonian beds of Barnstaple is the 
calcareous band of Pilton, Brushford, and Braunton, which ranges to the sea at 
Croyde Bay. Now, whilst the lower sandy strata of this section, as at Mar- 
wood and Baggy Point, contain numerous Cuculleese (chiefly C. Hardingii, Sow., 
Foss. 75. f. 2, and C. trapezium, Sow.), with Avicula Damnoniensis, Sow., Curto- 
notus, Ctenodonta, Modiola, &c, Bellerophon subglobatus, M'Coy, and a pecu- 
liar species like B. trilobatus of the Tilestones (B. bisulcatus of Roemer), and also 
casts of Land Plants, such as Knorria dichotoma, Haughton, Adiantites, and a 
species of Bornia, &c, — the upper or calcareous part is charged with a true De- 
vonian Trilobite, Phacops latifrons, Bronn, together with species of Pleuroto- 
maria, Orthis, Spirifer, Terebratula, and Strophalosia, some of which occur in 
the Carboniferous rocks, but others are Upper Devonian. Such are Spirifer 
Verneuilii, Murch. (Sp. disjunctus, Sow.), and Strophalosia productoides, Murch. 
* It is present in a small outlier of slaty rock amined by Mr. Salter, who was unable to obtain 
which pierces the culm a few miles north of Laun- satisfactory evidence of its being higher in the 
ceston, and is there accompanied by Petraia Cel- series than the Petherwin limestone. He is, how- 
tica. This outlier was observed many years ago ever, strongly inclined to that opinion, both from 
by Mr. S. R. Pattison, and has since been reex- its position and organic contents. 
