280 SILURIA. [Chap. XI. 
(Str. caperata, Sow.). Productus praelongus, Sow., is a species elsewhere un- 
known, but occurring in profusion in these beds. With this, too, is a local form, 
resembling Spirifer cuspidatus, Martin, of the Carboniferous Limestone ; and 
there are fossils of that formation — Spirifer Urei, Flem., and Rhynchonella pleu- 
rodon, Phill. ; — together with Fenestellae, Encrinites, Fish palates, &c. which 
appear to be identical with those of the Carboniferous Slate. Here, again, 
though with considerable mineral variations, we see the same upward succession 
as in Scotland and Ireland ; and in approaching the summit of what has been 
classed as Devonian or Old Red, we are gradually introduced to the flora and 
fauna of the Carboniferous era. 
It has been proposed, indeed, to classify this Upper Devonian deposit 
with the Carboniferous system, that view having at one time been advo- 
cated by the late Mr. D. Sharpe and Mr. Godwin-Austen. Mr. Salter and 
Mr. Etheridge, however, agree with me ; and, whilst grouping the upper 
portion of the Barnstaple band with the Lower Carboniferous Limestone- 
shale, they regard the Pilton and Marwood strata* as the uppermost 
part of the Devonian series, and as passing upwards from it into the 
Petherwin band, which is the true representative, in the Devonian area, 
of the Upper Old Red Sandstone of Scotland. 
This Upper Devonian of South Britain, which occupies, in my opinion, 
the same place in the geological series as the uppermost Old Red Sand- 
stone flanking the Silurian region, and the sandstones with Fishes and 
Plants in parts of Scotland, is well represented by the beds of Petherwin 
(/ of the section, p. 272), while perhaps a somewhat higher member of the 
series is included in the Marwood and Barnstaple band. 
In addition to Phacops granulatus, Clymenise, and other fossils above 
mentioned, the Petherwin beds are also marked by the presence of a 
minute Crustacean, Cypridina serratostriata, Sandb., which will be much 
spoken of in treating of the Upper Devonian rocks of Germany (Chap- 
ter XT.). The discovery in Britain of this small Crustacean was made 
long after the distinguished palaeontologists, the Sandbergers, had found 
it in myriads occupying the upper schistose and calcareous rocks of the 
Rhine, which Professor Sedgwick and myself had formerly shown to pass 
immediately under the lowest Carboniferous deposit, and to be the true 
equivalents of our Upper Devonian rocks. The observation of F. Sand- 
berger (for it was he who first detected this so-called Cypridina in British 
rock-specimens, sent to him) has therefore been peculiarly valuable, as, 
by means of this minute but characteristic Crustacean, we now learn con- 
clusively that the limits of the Devonian rocks in South Britain have been 
correctly defined, their equivalents in Germany being similarly distin- . 
guished by fossils. 
Devonian Rocks in Ireland. — In describing the Upper Silurian rocks of 
the Dingle promontory in Ireland, p. 178, a general section was given, 
with allusions to the labours of Sir R. Griffith, and those of Jukes and 
* In the South of Ireland these Marwood beds are, perhaps, represented by the ' Coomhola Grits ' 
of the South of Ireland, 
