348 
SILURIA. 
[Chap. XIV. 
accumulation of Old Red Sandstone with conglomerate, as expressed in the two 
following diagrams*, prepared on the spot by myself in 1844 : — 
Succession in Norway. (From ' Russia-in-Europe,' p. 10.) 
Lower Silurian. Upper Silurian. Old Red Sandstone. 
o. Gneiss, a. Lower sandstones, schists, limestone, and flags. b. Limestone, with 
Pentameri. c. Coralline limestone (Wenlock). d. Calcareous flagstones (Ludlow). 
e. Old Red Sandstone, p. Rhombic porphyry, t. Other eruptive rocks. 
The same strata prevail in the Bay of Christiania ; but there they are at many 
points contorted and penetrated by syenites, greenstones, and hypersthenic rocks, 
whereby the Alum-schists below are here and there crystallized (a), and the lime- 
stone, b, converted into marble. The next section (a continuation to the east of 
the preceding diagram) explains their relations, and shows how the undulating 
and broken masses, regaining their order, fold over and dip imder a great mass 
of Old Red Sandstone (e), the western extremity only of which is represented in 
the preceding diagram. 
e. Old Red Sandstone, d. Calcareous flagstones, c. Coralline limestone and shale 
(Wenlock), beautifully exposed in many islands of the bay. b. Limestone, in parts a 
marble (as at Paradis-backen). a. Lower Silurian schists &c, in parts altered, o. 
Gneiss, t. Various eruptive rocks, whether syenites, greenstones, porphyries, or 
younger granites, which have been forced through the strata, p. The rhombic por- 
phyry on the summit of the plateau. 
Having now adverted to the sections of this tract which I made in 1844, when 
I first placed the older fossiliferous strata of Norway in parallelism with the Si- 
lurian and Devonian rocks of my own country, and showed that the thousands 
of feet of the Silurian strata of Britain are fully represented, as respects their 
fossils, by the hundreds of feet only which exist in Norway, it is most gratifying 
to find my inferences were eleven years afterwards proved to be true by the de- 
tailed labours of M. Theodor Kjerulf't. 
Dividing the whole Silurian series of Norway into the three physical groups 
of Oslo, Oscarskal, and Malmo, M. Kjerulf has recognized fourteen distinct fos- 
siliferous bands, as exhibited in the opposite sections. 
In referring to the section, fig. 1, we see that the Alum-schists (2), with bitu- 
minous limestone, rest upon unfossiliferous and siliceous greywacke (1), the 
equivalent of the upper part of the Longniynd (Cambrian) of Britain. In No. 2, 
* For the particulars of these phenomena, con- navia, &c, and their Eelations to Azoic or more 
suit • Eussia-in-Europe,' vol. i. pp. 10 et seq., and Eecent Crystalline Eocks '), 1845. 
Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. Lond. vol. i. p. 467 (Mur- 1 Das Christiania Silur-Becken, 1855. See also 
chison 1 On the Palaeozoic Deposits of Scandi- Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. xiv. pp. 36 &c. 
