350 
SILURIA. 
[Chap. XIV. 
the lowest zone in which intelligible fossils have been detected in Scandinavia, 
there are found small Graptolites, the Graptopora * flabelliformis, several species 
of Lingula, including one like Lingulella Davisii, a horny shell nearly allied to 
Obolus Apollinis, Agnostus pisiformis, Olenus scarabaeoides, Beck, Olenus latus, 
Beck (Eurycare latum, Angelin), Olenus alatus, Beck (Sphserophthalmus alatus, 
Angelin), Olenus gibbosus, Wahl., Asaphus grandis, and Trilobites pusillus, 
Sars. 
This zone (2), being unquestionably the same as the T Regiones A, B ' of 
Angelin in Sweden t ; is manifestly the northern equivalent of the ' Primordial 
Zone ' of Barrande in Bohemia, and of the Lingula-schists of Britain, and, 
though only 150 feet thick, contains Graptopora flabelliformis mixed with 
Lingula, as in our own country, and with them Agnostus pisif oralis and the 
Graptolite Didymograpsus geminus, as well as the common Silurian Brachio- 
pod Orthis calligramma. The last three species occur also in the Llandeilo 
zone of the Silurian region of Britain. In other words, we thus see clearly that, 
in extending our survey, it is impracticable in general classification to separate 
the 1 Zone Primordiale ' of Barrande from the other Lower Silurian rocks. 
The next mass of schists (3, 4, 5), with an intermediate limestone, bears a 
close analogy to its congener in Britain, by ushering in with it a profusion of 
species, and well represents the Llandeilo formation. Amongst its fossils are 
the Graptolites Diplograpsus pristis, D. folium, D. teretiusculus, Graptolithus 
Sagittarius, and the Shells Orthis calligramma, 0. elegantula (0. parva, de 
Vern.), O. flabellulum (?), Bellerophon bilobatus, B. acutus, Orthoceras duplex, 
0. annulatum, Lituites cornu-arietis, with Phacops conophthalmus (Asaphus 
Powisii, Sil. Syst.), and many other Trilobites of species peculiar to Sweden, 
but all belonging to the Lower Silurian genera, Asaphus, Ogygia, Trinucleus, 
Olenus, &c. 
The group (6, 7) consisting of calcareous and argillaceous flags, intermediate 
Orthoceratite-limestone, and lower Encrinital schists, though intimately con- 
nected by many forms with the underlying divisions, is yet characterized by 
many other fossils, which enable us to refer it to the true Caradoc (or Bala) 
formation, as defined in the Fourth Chapter of this work. 
These fossils are : — Orthis calligramma, 0. testudinaria, 0. pecten, Leptaena 
sericea, Lingula attenuata, Bellerophon bilobatus, B. acutus, Conularia quadri- 
sulcata, and probably C. Sowerbyi, with other species ; Orthoceras duplex, 0. 
gigas, O. dimidiatum, 0. distans, and 0. annulatum, — the last three being Upper 
Silurian forms in Britain. The other fossils of Lower Silurian age are : — Lituites 
cornu-arietis, Trocholites anguiforaiis, Euomphalus and Turbo several species, 
including Euomphalus alatus, Hisinger ? ; with Echinosphserites aurantium, 
Tentaculites Anglicus (annulatus, Sil. Syst.), and the well-known Trilobites 
Asaphus expansus, Trinucleus concentricus (T. Caractaci, Sil. Syst., var.), T. 
seticornis, Ampyx nasutus, Ogygia, Calymene Blumenbachii (var. pulchella), 
and Phacops macroura, Sjogren, which closely resembles P. truncato-caudatus 
of the British Caradoc formation. The Corals are : — Favosites (Stenopora) fibrosa 
and its variety Lycoperdon, with species of Turbinolopsis (Petraia), &c. 
The calcareous sandstone (No. 8 in the sections) would seem, from its organic 
remains, to constitute the commencement of a transition from the Lower to 
the Upper Silurian rocks, such as is seen in the Lower Llandovery rocks of 
* The generic name proposed by Mr. Salter in Eeport of Amer. Assoc. for 1857, Montreal. 
1857 (see p. 46) for this curious form, which seems J See M. Barrande's lucid memoir, ' Parallele 
to connect the Fenestollidre with the G-raptolites. cntre les Depots de Boheme et de Scandinavie,' 
It is, however, the Phyllograpsus, Angelin, MS., 1856. 
