Chap. XIV.] 
SILUKIAN FOSSILS— NOKWAY. 
351 
South Wales. Thus with Orthis testudinaria and 0. zonata, Dalm., and Patella (?) 
antiquissima, His., occurs a characteristic Lower Llandovery species, Meristella 
angustifrons, M'Coy, and many large smooth Pentameri of species not yet 
named. Here are some associated fossils which are also commonly found in the 
Upper Silurian rocks of Britain. These are : — Strophomena depressa, Euom- 
phalus sculptus, Phragmoceras ? (Cyrtoceras) ventricosum, Encrinurus punc- 
tatus, Actinocrinus moniliformis, Favosites alveolaris, Heliolites megastoma, 
Halysites catenularius, Cyathophyllum turbinatum, &c. 
In speaking of the characters of the fossils of this zone, it is to "be observed 
that the characteristic Lower Silurian Trilobites have already disappeared *. 
The argillaceous schists with calcareous flags (No. 9 a) obviously represent 
also a part of that intermediate group, connecting the Lower and Upper Silurian, 
to which I assigned the name of ' Llandovery rocks ; ' for in these beds certain 
species of Pentameri are first met with, whilst the overlying limestone (9 b) is, 
as in Britain, charged with Pentamerus oblongus : it forms in both countries a 
clear horizon. 
The fossils are : — Fenestella asimilis, Alveolites repens, Cosnites intertextus, 
Ptilodictya scalpellum, Halysites catenularius, Orthis calligramma, 0. elegantula, 
0. testudinaria, 0. pecten, 0. zonata, Dalm., 0. lamellosa, Strophomena depressa, 
Leptaena transversalis, Orthis insularis, O. biforata (Spirifer lynx, Sp. dentatus, 
Atrypa crassicostis, &c), 0. biloba (Sp. sinuatus, von Buch), Cyrtia trapezoi- 
dalis, Trigonotreta compressa, Pentamerus galeatus, Stricklandinia lens, Atrypa 
reticularis, Linn., A. prunum, A. tumida, and A. aspera, Dalm., Euomphalus 
funatus, E. sculptus, Acroculia haliotis, Calymene Blumenbachii, Encrinurus 
punctatus, Ampyx, Acidaspis, and Trilobites (Proetus ?) ellipsifrons of Esmark, 
T. elegans, Sars, &c. 
The band with Pentamerus oblongus is at once followed by another limestone 
(No. 10) highly charged with Corals and Crinoids, and evidently characterizing 
the mass of the Wenlock limestone. It is, however, important to remark that, 
with many Corals, and Euomphalus sculptus, E. carinatus, and even Orthoceras 
annulatum and O. ibex, we again meet with Pentamerus oblongus of the 
subjacent band, thus linking together, still better than in England, these beds 
with the inferior strata, and showing a higher vertical range of the above spe- 
cies of Pentamerus than is known in England, where it never rises into the 
Wenlock formation. The list of fossils includes Ptilodictya lanceolata, P. scal- 
pellum, and the Corals Cyathophyllum turbinatum, Goldf., Ptychophyllum pa- 
tellatum, several species of Heliolites, and several forms noticed in the underlying 
strata, with Sarcinula organum, a species of Lower Silurian age in Britain. The 
prevailing Encrinite is Actinocrinus moniliformis, Goldf. ; whilst Cornulites ser- 
pularius is accompanied by the following shells — Rhynchonella borealis (Tere- 
bratula plicatella, Dalm.), Euomphalus carinatus, E. sculptus, and other spiral 
forms, Orthoceras ibex, 0. annulatum, with Pentamerus conchidium and the 
other species above noted. The Encrinital schists (11) and Upper Orthoceratite- 
limestone (12), the Upper Graptolite-marls (13), and the Upper Malmo lime- 
stone (14), with the schists and marls of Overland, Opsahl, Noes, Krogsand, &c, 
represent other members of the Upper Silurian, as far as the lower and middle 
members of the Ludlow rocks inclusive, — the L T pper Ludlow rock not being 
well represented by fossils. 
Whilst the ordinary Wenlock Corals seem to pervade all the last-named 
* Some of these Corals and Shells in Britain range from the Caradoe formation to the base of the 
Ludlow rocks. 
