386 
SILURIA. 
[Chap. XV. 
(the Kramenzel-Stein of the Rhine). M. Geinitz, however, has detected in 
the strata inferior to the Cypridina-schists the following fossils, all of which 
are found in the Eifel Limestone : — Favosites cervicornis, Edw. and Haime ; 
Stromatopora concentrica, Goldf. ; Fenestella subrectangularis, Sandb. ; Produc- 
tus subaculeatus, Murch. ; Chonetes minuta, de Kon. ; Atrypa reticularis, Linn. ; 
Terebratula (?) elongata, Schloth. ; and a large species of Phacops. But, as 
towards the end of this Chapter we shall indicate that those two calcareous 
masses which are so clearly separated in some districts are nearly brought to- 
gether in others, it is possible that the divisions partially indicated through 
their fossils by Geinitz may be established in Voigtland, and the igneous tuff 
(Schaalstein) of Plauschwitz and other places may, as he believes, separate 
these two rocks. 
However this may be, the ascending order, in several localities, is clear, from 
a highly fossiliferous and nodular limestone, laden with Cypridinae, Clymeniae, 
Goniatites, and Orthoceratites, and which is clearly Upper Devonian, into asso- 
ciated strata in which Land Plants begin to appear. The Devonian limestone is 
surmounted by a copious accumulation of sandstones and schists, occasionally 
siliceous — the ' Jiingste Grauwacke ' of Geinitz, charged with terrestrial vege- 
table remains. These are sometimes followed by the Carboniferous Limestone 
or 1 Kohlen-Kalk ' with its large Producti, and by other strata containing a 
different series of Land Plants. 
Such an ascending order is seen at Hof, on the right bank of the Saal, be- 
tween the town quarries, replete with Cypridinae, and an overlying coralline 
limestone. This succession is still clearer between Gattendorf and Troguenau, 
the intervening space between the Clymenia-limestone (Upper Devonian) of 
the former and the Productus-limestone (Carboniferous) of the latter being 
occupied by ferruginous grauwacke with traces of Plants, and by a mass of 
1 Kiesel-Schiefer,' which there occupies the same place as the rock so called 
by the geologists of the Rhine country *. 
Again, in the gorge of the Saal, near Saalfeld, the cliffs (which Richter has de- 
scribed in a published section f) expose a magnificent mass of limestones, charac- 
terized throughout by Cypridina serrato-striata, Sandb., and C. calcarata, Richt., 
with other Upper-Devonian types, but which offer no evidence whatever of a 
second limestone between them and the Lower Silurian rocks. Here the same 
geologist has detected Phacops latifrons, Bronm P. granulatus, Posidonomya 
minuta, and P. intercostalis, Rom., with trails of worm-like animals. Here 
also (no igneous rocks appearing) the ascending order seemed to me to be clear 
and unequivocal. In spite of the dominant slaty cleavage, the planes of which 
dip to the north-west, the Cypridina-limestones, after those fine convolutions 
which render the gorge so picturesque, are seen to pass under the mass of red 
rocks, or 'Rothe Grauwacke' of Richter J, the whole being covered uncon- 
formably by terraces of Zechstein. 
The lower part of this reddish sandy and schistose flagstone is interlaminated 
with the Cypridinen-Schiefer, the mass of which immediately succeeds to the 
limestone ; and from this point the beds begin to contain Land Plants, which 
* Much confusion may arise in comparing the tionably on the parallel of the so-called ' Kiesel- 
local descriptions of German geologists, from the Schiefer ' of the Prussian and Hessian geologists 
use of mineral terms applied to rocks. Thus, in — i. e. of the date of the Lower Carboniferous for- 
tius region of Thuringia and Saxony, 'Kiesel- mations. 
Schiefer,' which here usually designates some of t Beitr. Palaont. des Thiiringer-Waldes, pi. 1 : 
the older Silurian schists and also some Devonian Dresden, 1848. 
beds, might be strictly applied to the flinty schis- J I convinced M. Eichter of this fact, by closely 
tose strata overlying the Cypridina-limestone and scrutinizing the section in company with him. 
its greywacke near Hof, and which are unques- 
