[To face page 405. 
TABLE OF THE UPPER PAL/EOZOIC ROCKS IN EUROPE, FROM THE SUMMIT OF THE SILURIAN TO THE PERMIAN INCLUSIVE. 
1 
a 
1 
§ 
Subdivisions. 
Characteristic Fossils. 
British Localities. 
Foreign Localities. 
Remarke. 
RedSand and Mm 
(England). 
Marl, Sand, an 
(Sand-Sehicfer or 
Lower Bunter, 
Germany.) 
Vkrtebkata.— Kliopalodon Mantelli, R. Murchisoni, R. Wan 
genheimi. 
PLANTS.— Calamites a rem. ecus, >T --m n) .t i-r h:> 1 i -ifol i n , i >.l->uln 
pterin Strogiinovit, (>, Purmietwis. Peoopl eris ( > >v\>\ icrti, Sphoiu i 
pteris lobata, S, i'1'usii, Ku'^'iTal hi:i. Lepidodeiidron I'lon^titurn. 
AVest of Doncaater; St. Bee's Head 
and (,'nrhy Cast le, ( 'ninberland. 
(In liii^Lnul generally a partial rei 
capping only of the Magnesian Lime 
Italia.— Governments of Perm 
iJrcnbare;. and Kazan. 
Germany,— Flanks of the ThU- 
ringerwald and thcHarz; environf 
of Gera; Altmorsuhen, Hesse. 
See'Russia-in-Europe' 
for places where COIIglo- 
no-ralcs ;.';e. w ith copper, 
Khnpalorlnii. and Planl - 
oei. rite and interlaceZech- 
Magnesinn Lime 
stone j England). 
(Zeehstein, Ger- 
\ 1 1:11 iM. Ai v. — Z\ L'us'iiinis liiciiis, PlatysomuB striatus, Palteo- 
nis.'iis hm-is-ionis. 1'. variana. 
1NVKRTMIH \TA.— Teivbrntnlludongafri.T. (.Viuil/iaiui. Spirifei 
alatus, Camarophoria Sehlotheiniii, Prodm-tus horrid in, Strupha- 
losia (JoldfosMi, Alhvris , finifera, Peeteii pusillus, Moontis 
spchlnearia, ftakewellia aulnpui. Bys-omva sl ri at a, Schizodua du- 
bius.TnrbohelieiuilS, Pleui-oloiitarei aulrilia, N a mains Frieslebeni 
Fenestella retiformis, Phyllopora Ehrenbergii, Cidaria Verneuili- 
1 .1 elili-.li- mo i ■ IM-l: Il lo !! irl 
le| 1, (da.-kshet^li, tddoll, '1 ll| l -k|.-\ 
Frrrv Hill, llumldelon Hill ( Dur 
ii nn | : Masliam. Poaeli Vhtir v, Pram 
ham Moor, Ferryl'i-id^i-, Tade.is-ter 
Knal-esl.iOI-MU^il, liulsoVcl* Moor, ('lis 
well Cra^s, and Steelly ( Vnrlcshire 
Derl.y, and Notts). 
J{usx,.,.~- Pi nega. Ust Vaga to 
Arehaiim.],Kirilnli', Kaxan loPcno 
Sergiet'sk, Kivers Kidasli and Di- 
oma: abounds in Perm and Oren- 
G?ermany. — FlankB of Thiirin- 
gerwald and llaiv, ; East, flank o 
Western aid from Saalh- Id tot ier,, 
Silesia, Lijwenburg. 
In Russia, limestones 
■oillaiuiMK Ihe ohclls o| 
Germany and England al- 
ternate with copper-l n-a r- 
ing sands, marls, rock- 
The Plants of these 
ban, Is in Hu-sia arc those 
of the German Roth-lie- 
« 
H 
Ph 
O 
(Ku^fer-Schiefer, 
VertEBEATA.— Proterosaurus Speneri, Parasaurus Geinitzii 
Pala?oniacua elegans, Platysomus striatus, PygopteruB mandibu- 
P 1 , \ NTS. ■ rilniannia Selaf_'inoidcs, Neurnptcris Hntlniiiana. 
Thieldey, Perry Hill. Durham; En 
earpnicnl of Magnesiau Limestone 
from Prainhaiu Moor In Soil in^hain. 
Germ «h^.— Manafeld to Eiale- 
ben, Harz ; Glilcksbrunn &c. 
Thiiringerwald. 
Lower Red Sand- 
si one (England). 
(Weiss- ana Roth- 
liegende, Germany 
Gres de Vosges [in 
part], France.) 
\ I' in KiU! \ i \ .— 1'ala i -. us \ ral i.shi\ iciisis, Acanf hodes ^ra- 
cilis, Plouracantluts Decheni, &C. 
iNVERTEiiUATA.— Unio telliunrius, Anodonta ovalis, Estheria 
l'i im- -P-'iiT :s linlhobllni,. Vi'aii'-M'M.-- Savon i.-us 
Gupjielmites Pcrmianus. WaKhia li 1 1 . -ifom > is, Calamitee gigas 
NcUropteris confer! a, ( idont opl eris obtnsi.lol ia , Pceopteris Gu-p- 
pri'h Adianl iies pri.sca.l ; leii-limules ( i u'pp t .'rti. Spheno) ■( eris erosa 
S. lobata. 
Cla.-ksheu^h, Durham; Plnmptu] 
Rneks m-ar iMian.-shorou^h, ami Pon- 
tefrai-l, Yorkshire; Aslley, Laneasliin- 
Cortieoekle Muir, .Dumfries; Penrith 
WoKei-hanipton to Cnalhrool; Dale 
<. of -.lii-.-uslmr,-. \\ . of Hinnin-haiii 
and around the Dudley eoal-Ueld. 
i< iwiVf.— Govcrnmenta of Oren- 
burg and Kazan. 
Gcrnivnif.— Lower Silesia and 
N.E. Bohemia, Braunau to Glatz 
(with limestones); Ei-enaeh ami 
Northern Thuringerwald, flanks 
of the Harz, Mansfeld, &c. ; Zwic- 
kau, Oschatz, Dresden. 
In Russia, grits with 
Plants ( IVhistopol). 
In (icrniany, vast con- 
e;lonicratcs and red sand- 
stones with the same 
Plants as those of the 
Middle mid t pper b.oe!-; 
C (S^eSkohle e9 ' 
Terrain houiiler.) 
VkhtkuR V I A, — Arehe^osanrus LVeheui, Pa rabat raeli us Col. a, 
Loxomma Allniani. Anl hraeos.iurus Russelli, Anl hrakcrpeton erns- 
sosteum, Ophioderpct on Wamle-fordii, falivmii^cns E^crt-uni, 
G-yracanthus forniosus, Pleiii-acanthus. AiuHypterU.8, &c. 
l.WKii i'Kiii:.\TA : l.i'ackisli. — A nM i racosia aruta, Athraeomya 
lffivis, Anthracoptera. I'^tlnaaa tnirlia, E. punctatetla. 
I>"VKHTj-:i!l)A I'A : niarinr.— Aviculiij.i'i-tt'n |>apyi'LU'rus, Goniafj- 
(■■s lasiri-i. 1'iM.lia-lus sraia-iiailns, ('.aailaiaa quadrisulrata, Nau- 
tilus elitellariiis, Spir. >cl>i-i i-l.oiiariiis, Pygocephalus Cooperi, 
PLANTS.— Si^illaria ]vnii'.aani>. S. t.-ssi-llata, with Stigmaria, 
Calainil rs Surkovii, 1 .idc-il. - 1 id nm S I , a'i ih-a- 1 i , L. cli^-aus, Alr- 
llinptrris lniirhiliea, Pcrojitrias un-opl rrn] is, N niropl rris Lo-lni 
Sphrnoptrris latifolia. 
i.lh-W >d-l Ii 1 1 , . i 
Dean, and Pristol ; Warwickshire. 
S|-,.ii;,rd-hire. Lancashire, Dci-1 .vshire, 
Yorkshire, DlU-liani,XeweaM .le.\V!lite- 
laven; Flintshire ; Ayrshire, Lanark, 
Claeliinannan, Mid-Lothiau, Fife, 
Germ<ni>i.— Lower and Upper 
Silesia and adjacent tracts of Po- 
and; west of Dresden ; Saarbriick. 
Dortmund, and Wcstphalian coal- 
fields. 
lielf/iuin. — Mons, Liege, Each- 
Franec— Alals, St. Etienne, 
Bort, Epinac, &c. 
Unknown in Russia. 
The -rent l'| .per Coal- 
i.-ld- s, t on in Polandand 
s i I' — i;i . and tllenee |n the 
vest reoccurat the various 
Millstone-grit 
(England). 
Moor-roc-k 
(Scotland). 
(FlStzleerer Sand- 
stein, Germany.) 
I x\ >. i: i'K in; a i .\ . — Proilucf us aoabriciilus. P. Martini, P. semi- 
ivticulatus, Avieiiloprrtm ai'riinsus, A. scalaris. A, papvrarrtis, 
Goilial-ih'H rctirlllatus, (J, spn-alis, FhicnI . ■U;i , l.iu-ul vhluidrs. 
Plants.— Lepidodendron clc^aus, ^li-iuaria. Calamitea. 
1 ii Ih W ' 1-1. 
sin; Deri iwshir.-, Pennine Chain o: 
Finland : West and North Ridings 
Yoi kshire : Cuim-fv, , of Xm-il, De- 
von; part of the Scotch coal-fields 
Kilkenny, Clare, and other parts ol 
Bn.^(a.—\\yMt Hank of theUral 
Donete coal-fleld. 
Germany. — Har/, and Rhenish 
Provinces of Prussia.edgea of coal- 
fields of Dortmund and Saarbriick. 
Belgium, — Chokier, Ampain,pit8 
The Culm of Devon- 
shire is supposed to be of 
Some coal beds occur 
n Yorkshire and Lanca- 
Carboniferous or 
Mountain Lime- 
(Berg-Kalk' Cal- 
caire Carbonifere.) 
jidus, H. lajvissimus, Pcecilodus^ransversus, Cladodusi &c. 
INVERT EBR ATA Spiri (Vt ^IriatiiB, Sp. lineal lis, Sp. elaber, Te- 
ivhralula sacrulns, (Irf.liis n-supinata. Cunnranl iinn alifornu-, Eu- 
>iu] 1 |ialfis 1 MUitangiila(us, BclliTOplion aprrlus. J!.,'Oniu-ariftis,S;.v, 
irthui-.-ras lal crulf, 0 . gi^'anl ru ni , Nauhlus r-a ri i ii fc-r, 1 11 1| -ui 
Kirliwaldi, P. Prongniarli," GriJIithiuVs ^loliiccp'., I!rarh\ nirtopus 
luiali.ais Lil.liM-.frnli.iii jiinrrum, L. 1 >a *a Iti foni.e, Lons^alria fin- 
-iformis, Plat^'crinus, Potcriocrinus, Rhodoerinus, Actmocrinus. 
shire, Pennine Chain, West and' North 
Ridings of Yor k>h i re Noi-tl on nl.crlai ni. 
Srolhnxl. — Ayrshire and the enini- 
ies of KeiitVeM, Lanark, Linlitli-ow. 
Fife l-Minlnir^li, and Haddington. 
Irehuui. — Abounds from Fermanagh 
md T\ rone in (he north through the 
entral counties to Cork in the south. 
lanks id' t he Volga below Kazan ; 
Archangel ; Banks of the Ural 
Mountains ; West of Cracow. 
German:/.— Hof, Bavaria; Grand. 
Harz ; Ratingen, Westphalia ; Hai- 
niehen and Ebersdorf, Sasony. 
Beijinm.— Vise, Touruay, Na- 
niur, Tbeiix, Dinaut, Soicjuics. 
France. — Sable, Juigne, Ba- 
;onge, Ferce", &c. 
Important coal-seams 
n Scotland are subordi- 
nate to the limestone of 
his division. In Saxony 
Prof.Geinitz distinguishes 
he Plants ft-om those of 
he Upper Coal. 
limestone -shale ; 
Yoredale rocks. 
Lower Limestone- 
ahale and Carboni- 
ferous Slate, Ire- 
land. 
Calciferous Grit, 
Scotland. 
Vebtebrata.— Palajoniscua Robisoni, Cladodus8triatu8,Holo- 
itvchins Hililicrli, Krluilus tin'^idus, Platysomus dcclivis. 
In V KIM EKIiATA. — Choiit'tcs 11 ardrmsis, l'iaahir-1 ns 1 1 iinilaiUl i- 
inus, Spirifrr Mosqucnsis. Sp. t-rriahis Sp. ruspidaf us, Atliyris 
aminosa, Product sc mi rrtir-u lat ih, SI ja-pl-orli vik-Ihis (aauiislria, 
Ctcnndnnla tiiuiida, Ct. altvimata, Modiola Mncadami, Rhyneho- 
n-lla |)lcurodun, GriiHtbidcs inucronatus, Eurji)teruB Scouleri, 
Gampsonyx, &c. 
Punts. — ■Splicnnpl-.-ris allini--, Cydnplcri 4 ; n-niformis, Carpo- 
ithcssulrafus, Stigmaria, Lepidodeadron, Ulodcndron, Calamites, 
and Pinites. 
England. — Margin of the Sonih- 
■Yelsli eoal-hasin, M.ilford Haven; 
".)ci-hy shire, Yorkshire, Northumber- 
and, &c. 
v,, ,,.,/._ r,.-r\\ a-k-liin-, 11 ,ililin L -- 
onshire, Fifeshire, Edinburgh, 
jowest coal of .sYoi Lmd, and freestone 
if Edinl.un;li (Craigleith). 
Z,-,7„,e/.-The J look, Wexford; 
Ardmore, Waterford; Youghal, Cove 
of Cork, Mayo. 
Germany.— Hcrborn, Arnsberg, 
ind Asbcek, parts of Nassau, the 
Harz. 
Belgium , — North of Soignies and 
Scaussines. 
Lnimportant in South 
"Wales, ibese lower strata 
■xpand much in Glomes- 
ershirc, YorkBhire, and 
Northumberland, and in 
Berwickshire and other 
inrts of Scotland; some- 
one- containing coal. In 
of Ireland these beds are 
of u;rcat thickness. 
DEVONIAN, OK OLD EED.| 
Yellow and Red 
Sandstone. 
Petherwin and 
Baggy group. 
.Cypndinen-Sehie- 
er and Clvmenien- 
Kalk; Flinz, Era- 
Verteurata ,— Hulnprychius Flmiin^i, Dcudrodus, Pterich- 
;hys minor, Onchus, Glyptopomun minor. ^ 
In A' K Ri'lvHR ata. — Cueullsea Hardingii, C. trapezium, Avicula 
Danninnirrisis, Spirifcr disjun.-t us, Sp. m.^aloluiH, Athyris eon- 
■-aitrica, Stropha losiu sul lacii Icat a , S. capci ata. S|>irifrr t'rei. Car- 
Hum palniatum, A vi,ailuprchai ( riitisviT-us, Cl\ mcnia linearis, I '. 
ani^ala. Gonial. ilrs su l>su li-atus, l , haci>ps t-Tamilat-us, P, latifrons, 
:'ypridina (?) s.-iTiitostriata, 
Pla nts. — Knorria (or Aspidiaria) dk-liotoma, Adiantites Hiber- 
[P^iluphytun, Lrpfopliliriini, Xriiropl en's, ami many nllicr idants 
n the D.'vmiian ro ks ,,(" (.-Jaspr, Maine, and New Hiainswii'k.J 
]■;„,//■ Soinli-W i Isli eoat-Pasin 
uid Pembrokeshire; liarn.slaplc. l'<:i^\ 
Poinl. IMton. North Devon; Pcther- 
vin, Tintagel, Cornwall. 
Smth. „,/'— ll,,y I lead, Orkney ; 
Dunnet Head, Caithness; Dura Den, 
'"ife; coast of Haddingtonshire. 
Ireland. — Knoehlupher, Kilkenny, 
3-lanmire, Coonihoola, Cork; Sibyl 
7, usxin.— Prussino (St. Peters- 
burg), A r aldai Hills, Domanik of 
In- Pcis. lmra, Andonia, &c, Pets- 
chora-Land. 
6'- rman,/.— Saalfeld, Sehubel- 
lamnicr, Elbersrcuth, Eranconia 
Weilburg, Dillcnburg, Nassau 
Nuttlar, Budesheim, Iserlohn 
(Westphalia). 
ville, 'Marienbourg. 
Fru nee.— Boulonnais, NefhVz. 
The intermixture in 
Russia of the marine 
shells of Devon and the 
Boulonnais with the same 
:he central and npper 
ncmbers of the Old Red 
of Scotland and Hereford 
identities the (wo depo- 
sits, as in this Table, and 
irovcs the Scottish ich- 
livolites to have been 
narine. (The Cocco-tens 
ilso occurs in the Eifel; 
and Phyllolepis in Devon- 
Calei'ola sandalina, in 
liritain as in Germany, 
lies beneath (?) the chief 
s 
Middle Cornstones. 
Plymouth, Tor- 
quay, and Ilfra- 
combe group. 
(Eifel group, with 
Caleeolcn-Setiio- 
fer.) 
\ l-R 1 !■. |;H.\ l A.— (.'o-.-n.-lrU>, A-li-rol.-piS. i'tericlil.livs, Diplupte- 
■I1S, Dipt ems (i lyplolrpis, U^.eulepis, 1 f , .1 O] >t Ve 1 1 i 11 S '[] ( >l .i 1 1 ssj | , , i , S . 
iNViatTEIiliA'l'A.— Caleeula sai ida lina . Slri n^ne. -[ilialus Pni'tini, 
Jneites gryphus, SpinlVr s)na-iosns, Alrypa desqiiamata, David- 
onia Ycrnellilii, Me^ahalun eie-nllal us, MmvliisMiiin Kilitieala, 
'vrtocei'.'iH nodoaum, C. ornatitm, BronteiiM llaladlifrr, Pliaenps 
alifiuiei. (larpes niaem. ■, -pi i a 1 1 1 1 i -1 i, ,1 it es p. irnsa, Accrvulal'ia 
l'i i i s. — Si mi - ; ini t outs ol Coniferous trees, Lepidodendron 
lotlnun (?), Evi-opndites Milleri. Pern-:, very rare. 
]■''<</'<, „<!. — Herefordshire ami parts 
>f Shi-o]ishire (Willi Fishc-); Soiiril 
"levon, l.)cr\vell, Plymouth, Newton 
Sushel, Torquay, Balihaeomhe, ^c, 
(with Shells). 
Scnlltnid. — Dunbeath andLatheron, 
o Thurso, Cailhncss ; Kirkwall, Crk- 
ie\ ; Findhorn River, Elgin; Banff. 
11 a*sia— Livonia, Di'irpat. 
Germany.— The Fifcl, Mimster- 
Eifel, Daun, Pafi'rath, Iicfrath, 
V-L'cr and Lenne Rivera. 
Belgium— 'Poudine;ne dc Pural, 
Marcfie, Givet, Philippevillc, A"is, 
md Soignies under the Carb. 
Limest.; Couvin and Chimay, 
France. — Nehou?, Normandy. 
1 
Lower Old Red 
SandBtone. 
Lynton group, 
Wisseiibach-Schi- 
-fer, Spirifer-Sand- 
stein, Coblentz 
Group, and Aeltere 
Grauwacke.) 
V I- 1' 1 : li \ '1' \ . — C>-| ill a la.-.pis Lvi'llii, Cepli. Sahveyi, Pleraspis 
Lloydii, P. rostratus, Onchus. 
1 a\- i- i: i i- i;i: \-j \ .— Pepla-na inl ei-sh'ialis, Sl.roplinrnciia expla- 
uiln, Ortliis iiiterlineal a, Clem.-t,.^ semi radial.a, Spirifcr liy.steri- 
■US, Sp. hcvieo.sl-i. Sp. eanalii'rr, Allnris pliabena, (I rainniysia 
HalliilliXlensis, Pl.-lile-a litieala, Pac| n t es y ra ei 1 is, I lolnaloilotiiH 
iniiatus, Pbaeo|is laeiniatns, 'r.-nlarllliles annlllatlis, CtfUOiThlUS, 
I'lelirodi. 1 vine prnldeMijitieuni. 
PLANTS.— Erae ills Laud Plants only yet discovered. 
J-:,,;//. >nd.~ Silurian frontier; End- 
ow, ,Nc; Norlh I- or, ■land ami Lynton, 
Nnrll, Devon; Mcadsfoot, Soul II Dc- 
von; Looe, Fowey, Cornwall. 
Sei'l/nn,/.— Carinylic and (Mammis, 
^orfar; Low er( 'one Ininci'ate and Sand- 
slnnc nf Knss and N.F. Highlands, 
lrel,t,,d.— GlciigurilV liiats; Dpper 
Lakes, Killarne\ ; \'alcntia ; l»m-lc- 
no fossils. 
Germany. — Banks of the Ehiiu 
from Bingen to Bonn; banks of 
he Ahr and Moselle; Rammcls- 
jerg, Harz, &c. ; Gedoumont. 
Belgium. — Bastogne, Neufeha- 
teau,'Cou\-in, Houllali^e, &c 
France. — Nehou; Brulon; Brit- 
;any. Spain. — Aaturias. 
l Con-l odinople; South Afi-ica 
Taamania.) 
This /one graduates 
low awards into the Up- 
per Silurian of Shrop- 
shire and Herefordshire ; 
it is well represciiled in 
the Rhenish Provinces, 
I- ranee, and Spain. 
(Terrain Rhenan, or 
S^temes Ahrieu ct Co- 
bienUien, Dumont.) 
= E 
3 J 
lileBtones, or Pas- 
sage-beds from 
Jppcr Silnrinn into 
Lower Devonian. 
VKIi'i'l' HI! AT A. — Pled in Ills in i ralii 1 is, OnelillH M 11 repis. in i , ^ i -. : 
I'teraspis Banlisii and Pt . trunealtis. A uelienaspis Salteri, Ce- 
dialaspis ornatus and C. Alui-ehiRoni. 
1 NVERTEHJiATA. — Lillgnla i-ujaiea, Pterygotlis, liuryptiU'US. 
Plants. — Lyropoiliaerons seeds and sterna. 
ICnithind.— Ludlow. Downton, Oni- 
mry. Kin-ton, m ar Pewdley, &C. 
Sr»t/„n<l. Arbroath and Lesmahago. 
Trvhni,l. — ( Dniimorc Head, Doon- 
piin, and Dingle?, without fossils, 
.as.uu" dow n into Ludlow rocka) 
ItuHsin. — Island of Oescl only? 
'this 1 ppennosi Silu- 
rian baud of Mureliison 
has not yet been found 
in Germany, France, or 
