APPENDIX. 
545 
the Cyclostomatous skeleton, but not more than it does with the like soft con- 
dition of Annelidous Worms and Naked Mollusks. But the teeth of all known 
Cyclostomes are less varied in form than are the Conodonts. Certain lingual 
plates of Myxinoids are serrate, but not with a main denticle of much greater 
length, such as shown in the form of Conodont called Machairodus by Pander. 
Most Cyclostomous teeth are simple thick cones, with a subcircular base : and 
every known tooth of a Cyclostomous Fish is much larger than any of the forms 
of Conodont, which rarely equal half a line in length. This minuteness of size, 
with the peculiarities of form, inclines me strongly to refer the Conodonts to 
some soft Invertebrate genus. Certain parts of small Crustacea, e. g. the pygi- 
dium or tail of some minute Entomostraca, resemble in shape the more simple 
Conodonts : but when we perceive that these bodies occur in thousands, de- 
tached, with entire bases, and that any part of the carapace or shell of an ento- 
mostracan or other crustacean has rarely been detected in the Conodont beds, 
it is highly improbable that they can have belonged to an organism protected 
by a substance as susceptible of preservation as their own substance. Much 
more likely is it that the body to which the minute hooklets were attached was 
as soluble and perishable as the soft pulp upon which the Conodont was sheathed. 
I find no form of spine, denticle, or hooklet in any Echinoderm, and especially 
in any soft-bodied one, to match the Conodonts, and conclude that they have 
most analogy with the spines, or hooklets, or denticles of Naked Mollusks and 
Annelides. 
" The formal publication of these minute ambiguous bodies from the oldest 
fossiliferous rocks as evidences of fishes is much to be deprecated." — Richard 
Owen, British Museum, Nov. 18, 1858. 
M. — Silurian Fossils of Anticosti (p. 436). 
The Silurian Fauna of Canada has recently been much enriched by the re- 
searches of the Colonial Surveyors and by admirable descriptions, by their 
Palaeontologist, Mr. E. Billings, of the remains found in the great Island of 
Anticosti at the mouth of the River St. Lawrence *. 
The Zoophytes, Mollusks, and Crustaceans collected in the greater part of 
the island, and amounting to 121 species, present an eminently Lower-Silurian 
aspect j and whilst 85 of this number are new to geologists, 36 species are common 
European and North-American types. Thus among the latter we find the 
widely spread Brachiopods Leptaena sericea, Orthis testudinaria, and O. lynx, 
as well as Bellerophon bilobatus, associated with Calymene Blumenbachii. 
The fossils in the overlying strata of the same island have been referred by 
Mr. Billings, after careful comparison and correlation, to the Llandovery rocks 
of my classification, or what he terms Middle Silurian. 
With the following just and philosophical remarks of this author I entirely 
agree ; for they are as true in reference to the Silurian rocks of North America 
as they were proved to be in Bohemia by M. Barrande. Commenting upon the 
difficulty (if not impossibility) of correlating all the Silurian divisions of Britain 
with those of America, he thus writes : — " From what we know of the origin and 
mode of accumulation of sedimentary strata, it is highly improbable that each 
of the minor formations of one country should have its exact equivalent in 
another land several thousands of miles away, although the larger groups, of 
which these smaller ones are the component parts, may be well paralleled and 
* Geological Survey of Canada: ' Catalogue of the Silurian Fossils of the Island of Anticosti,' by 
E. Billings, 1866. 
