TESTUDO ELEPHANTINA. 
31 
The length of the entire caudal portion of the vertebral column is 27 inches (that of 
the carapace being 49 inches). 
Limb-bones. — The scapulary is stout and massive. The angle at which the scapula 
proper and the acromium meet is about 100°. The body of the scapula is compressed, 
trihedral in form, a transverse section through its middle resembling much that of 
T. elephantopus, delineated in the description of that species : its anterior side is convex, 
as in that species ; but neither of the other two surfaces is so decidedly concave. Shaft 
of the acromium compressed in its proximal half, subtrihedral in its distal portion. The 
coracoid is never ankylosed to the scapula, not even in our largest specimens ; its neck 
is much constricted, compressed transversely to the dilated portion of the bone. The 
measurements of three examples of this bone are the following : — 
Spec. c. Spec. I. Spec. n. 
millim. millim. millim. 
Length of scapula (measured from the suture witli the covacoirl) .. . 265 172 200 
Circumference in its middle 145 73 92 
Longitudinal diameter of glenoid cavity 90 53 
Length of coracoid 150 100 
Greatest width of coracoid 133 80 
Length of acromium 110 78 90 
The shaft of the humerus (Plate XVI., taken from specimen c) is broad and stout, 
slightly bent, trihedral in the adult, and compressed in the direction from the 
front backwards. There exists a distinct impression on the outer side of the bone, 
immediately below the head and ulnar tuberosity, and another deeper one on the 
hinder side above the trochlea. Both the radial and ulnar edges are much curved. 
The ulnar tuberosity projects high above the head, which, again, is raised (but not 
entirely) above the level of the summit of the radial tuberosity. The canal for the 
blood-vessels on the radial edge of the bone, close to the elbow-joint, is perfectly closed, 
perforating the substance of the bone from the front to the hinder side. 
Spec. c. Spec. I. Spec. n. 
millim. miUim. millim. 
Length of the humerus (measured in a straight line from the summit of 
the head to the middle of the trochlea) 308 180 195 
Circumference of the narrowest part of the shaft 160 81 100 
Longest diameter of the head 80 39 39 
Shortest diameter of the head 60 34 35 
Extreme breadth between the condyles 125 66 76 
The bones of the forearm need scarcely any description beyond giving the measure- 
ments. The shaft of the radius has the ulnar edge rounded off and obtuse. In the 
larger examples the olecranon is scarcely more prominent than in the younger one, and 
much less so than in T. daudinii. 
