NOTES AND ABSTRACTS. 
211 
quicklime and loam. A layer of loam 4 inches deep is first spread, and on this 
is placed a layer of bones 6 inches deep, and above this a layer of quicklime 
3 inches deep. The layers of loam, bones, and quicklime are repeated till the 
heap reaches a convenient height, when it is covered all over with a thick layer 
of earth. Holes are then bored in the heap from the top, and water poured 
down them to slake the lime. This mass will become hot, and remain so 
for two or three months, after which the bones will become friable, and the 
whole heap may then be mixed up and spread as manure on the land. — C. H. H. 
Bordeaux Mixture, The Influence of, on the Rates of Transpiration from 
Abseissed Leaves and from Potted Plants. By W. H. Martin (U.S.A. Jour. 
Agr. Res. vol. vii. No. 12, Dec. 1916, pp. 529-547). — The results of these ex- 
periments confirm the statement that the rates of transpiration from abseissed 
leaves and from potted plants are materially increased by an application of 
Bordeaux mixture. A surface covering of dry powdered CuS0 4 was less effective 
in accelerating rates of transpiration than a surface film of Bordeaux mixture, 
but was more effective than a film of BaSO<. 
The effect was greater in the case of abseissed leaves than in the case of 
leaves of potted plants. 
The increased rate was immediately observed after the spray had dried upon 
the leaves ; the highest rate occurring during the first two hours after spraying. 
A. B. 
Brown Spot on 'Emperor' Mandarin. By G. P. Darnell-Smith (Agr. Gat. 
N.S.W. vol. xxviii. pp. 190-196). — To exterminate Brown Spot (Colletotri- 
chum gloeosporioides) on ' Emperor ' Mandarins, prune away diseased and dead 
wood, and spray with Bordeaux mixture composed of 6 lb. of copper sulphate, 
4 lb. of lime, and 50 gallons of water. When the disease has been got under 
control, a spray of half the strength may be used. Bordeaux is more efficient 
than formalin, copper sulphate, or potassium sulphide. — S. E. W. 
Buddleia asiatica* By A. O. (Irish Gard. xii. p. 36). — An attractive plant 
for clothing bare pillars in large conservatories. Flowers not large but 
freely produced, and plants easily propagated by cuttings in March. First 
introduced from India 1874, but more recently from China by E. H. Wilson. 
E. T. E. 
Cabbage and Allied Crops in Connecticut, Insects Attacking. By W. S. 
Button and Q. S. Lowry (U.S.A. Exp. Stn., Conn., Bull. 190; January 1916; 
17 figs.). — Many of the insects described are of European origin. For all the 
leaf-eating insects the authors recommend spraying or dusting the plants with 
arsenate of lead, which is perfectly safe before the plants are headed. When 
nearly ready to harvest, it is advisable to dust the plants with Pyrethrum or 
some other fine dust, applied with a blower or powder gun. With regard to the 
cabbage-root maggot (Phorbia brassicae Bouche), the best remedy is to place 
discs of tarred paper round each plant as soon as it is set out. These discs lie 
flat on the ground and prevent the female fly laying eggs on or near the stem 
just below the soil surface. The second most effective method of control is to 
pour into a surface depression around the stem of each plant about three ounces 
of crude carbolic acid emulsion made to the following formula; — 
Hard soap, 1 lb. ; or soft soap, 1 quart. 
Boiling water, 1 gallon. 
Crude carbolic acid, 1 pint. 
Dissolve the soap in the boiling water, add the acid, and mix well. This 
mixture thickens on cooling, and should be diluted with thirty times its bulk of 
water before using. — V. G. J. 
Cabbage Butterflies. By C. L. Walton, M.Sc. (Ann. Appl. Biol. iv. Nos. 1 
and 2, Sept. 191 7; pp. 4-5)- — Ravages of larvae of cabbage white butterflies 
in S. Wales 191 4, among garden crucifers and swedes. Broccoli and sprouts were 
chiefly damaged on the sunnier slopes, the upper parts of fields and similar 
hot, dry situations, while gardens and fields in damp situations, near rivers &c, 
were least affected. 
Farmers reported broadcasting lime and soot were without avail, but Keating's 
powder (Pyrethrum) had given excellent results upon cabbage. Commencing 
on September 28 several rows were treated with soot dustings, brine waterings, 
and dustings with Pyrethrum, respectively. The first two gave little benefit, but 
the last was rapidly effective in eradicating the pest. — R. C. S. R. 
