232 
JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
Pear, A New. By Albert' Barbier {Jour. Soc. Nat. Hort. Fr. 4th series, vol. xvii. 
p. 15, Jan. 1916). — A new pear, 'Arthur Chevreau,' produced by A. Chevreau of 
Montreuil, is pronounced to be a valuable new winter variety. — M. L. H. 
Pear and A^ple, Leaf Blister of. By A. L. Quaintance (U.S.A. Dep. Agr.> 
Bur. Entom., Farm. Bull. 772; April 1916 ; 4 figs.). — The leaf blister mite 
(Eriophyes pyri) will yield to thorough treatment with kerosene emulsion, miscible 
oils, or lime-sulphur washes. — V. G. J. 
Pear Blossoms, A Bacterial Blight of, In South Africa. By E. M. Doidge 
(Jour. Appl. Biol. iv. p. 50, Sept. 191 7). — A large percentage of pear flowers 
in the Stellenbosch district blackened and died during 1914-15. Examination 
showed the presence of a bacterium which proved a new species, and which, 
inoculated into the flowers, reproduced the disease. The name Bacterium 
nectarophilum is proposed for the organism, and careful comparisons are made 
between it, Bacillus amylovorus, and the organism which Barker and Grove 
isolated in England from dying pear flowers (see Jour. R.H.S. xi. p. 621). 
F. J- C. 
Pear, Determination of, or Analytical Key of the Fruit. — By Gabriel Luizet 
(Jour. Soc. Nat. Hort. Fr. vol. xvii. p. 75, May 1916). — The Pomological Society 
of France has been interested for seme years in the production of an authoritative 
key for the identification of individual pears. , 
M. Chasset Sec. Gen. of the Pom. Soc, has been at work on such a key and has 
triumphantly brought it to conclusion in the intervals of his military duties since 
the war. It will not be published until after the war, but the MS. is already in 
the hands of his colleagues of the Pcmological Society. His preliminary draft 
of the work was shown to the Society at the same time as one worked out inde- 
pendently by M. Jules Jos in and the two were found to differ so little from each 
other that mutual concessions by the two authors were easily agreed upon, and 
the result was put forth at Gar.d in 1913 to serve as the basis of the future analy- 
tical key. M. Jo 1 in is at present a prisoner of war in Metz and it is not known 
whether he has used his enforced leisure upon this work or not, but the Society 
looks forward hopefully to finding that he has done so when he returns to France. 
In the meantime M. Chasset's method is as follows : — 
Pears are first studied according to their height and width, 
1st category. Equal height and width. 
2nd category. Wider than high. 
3rd category. Higher than wide, i/ioto 2/10, 3/10 to 4/10* 
4th category. Higher than wide, 4/10 and upwards. 
The first and second categories forming vol. i. include the following forms — 
spheroid, short turbiniform, short doliform, short cydoniform, maliform, flattened 
turbiniform. In each of these and the following forms a figure-type of some well- 
known fruit determines the form to allow whoever has to determine a fruit to 
compare its silhouette with that of the fruit in question. The third category is 
included in vols. ii.,iii., and iv. and part of vol. v. with the following forms ; 
doliform, ovoid, turbiniform, truncated turbiniform, piriform, truncated piriform, 
cydoniform. 
The fourth category finishes vol. v., and includes the last forms adopted — long 
piriform, calabassiform, oblong. 
In each of these forms epochs of maturity have been created — June, 
June-July, July-July, August, &c. Each of these epochs presents a stage when 
the colour of the skin of the fruit is noted. The colours are dark green, light 
green, stained with red, ruddy or bronze. Yellow colour, which was originally 
admitted, was omitted at the last moment as useless for purposes of identifica- 
tion, as it is impossible to fix the exact shade of yellow intended. The colour 
must therefore be noted when the fruit is gathered, never at complete maturity, 
when the yellow colour predominates. The peduncle is then considered in its 
dimensions, long or short ; in its consistence, fleshy or not at the base ; in its 
position, straight, oblique, or curved. The flesh of the fruit is examined as to 
colour, white, yellowish, greenish, salmon-colour ; as to flavour, sugary acid, 
winy, musky, bitter. 
For some rare fruits showing identical characters there is a column of observa- 
tions where the differentiating characters are noted, whether in the tree, the twigs, 
or the leaves. — M. L. H. 
Pear, Fungoid Parasite of. By L. Mangin (Rev, Hort. vol. lxxxviii. pp. 187- 
188 ; 2 figs.). — In the Department of the Indre and Loire, the leaves and branches 
of the pear trees have been attacked by a new fungus, Oospora piricola. The 
