276 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
are intended to be given up to fruiting only, and which are pruned 
accordingly. Lorette * uses the word in an unusual sense for buds 
not shortened artificially, and his figure 41 represents what other 
authors f call a " rameau a fruits " as opposed to a " r. a bois " ; this 
author uses the phrase " branche a fruits " instead of " coursonne," 
whilst Du Breuil { uses " rameau " both for fruiting and plain shoots. 
In the foregoing essay I have used the words " fruiting branchlet." 
Bouquet de Mai (" branche a bouquet ") literally signifies one 
of the bunches of flowers on the Mai or Maypole. Cluster-blossoms, 
and clustered or bunched blossoms, or bloom-buds, give the meaning, 
but not the poetical finish of the French term. 
Dard (pronounced " dar "). — " Petit rameau du poirier d'un 
centimetre a 5-8 de longueur termine par un ceil conique, qui finit 
par s'arrondir et devenir bouton a fruits." In derivation a dart or 
lance, apparently from its sharp-pointed bud when dormant. For 
this an English equivalent is badly needed, and in the above essay I 
have used the word as it stands ; if we introduce it as a legitimatized 
term, even with pronouncing the final d, it would perhaps be better 
than the word dart. Recently a writer in " The Fruit-Grower " was 
evidently in trouble from the want of this word which expresses the 
prospective but immature fruit-bud, without circumlocution. En- 
taille (or cran) is another useful word, meaning the removal of a small 
piece of bark, which might be rendered " notch " ; qualified as high 
or low, according to whether the sap-flow to a given bud was to be 
favoured or diminished. 
Taille sur rides is much insisted upon by Coutant§ and consists 
rather of a cut among the furrows or groovings of old wood of " cour- 
sonnes " rather than to them, whereby small adventitious eyes are 
made to break into dards. Hardy || gives May and June as the time 
for the operation in Pears, and May to August in Apples. Coutant 
does this pruning in furrows shorter and more severely on Apples 
than on Pears : " De nombreux yeux se sont developpes a la base 
ainsi que des dards tres bien constitues, ce qui fournira de veritables 
nids de fruits. J'insiste sur cette taille sur rides, qui donne des 
resultats merveilleux. " It may be noted that the cut is made 
transversely. 
Arcure and Bouclage. — Words for the bowing or bending down 
used by various authors, including Lorette, especially for the twiggy 
branches or brindilles, might be taken from derivatives of arch, but 
for confusion with inarch, or of bow. But who would know how to 
pronounce it ? Buckle is used rather of local bendings of plates 
which are said to be " in winding " ; perhaps a compound word 
such as the " down-bend " would do to mark the distinct meaning 
without circumlocutory phrasing. Some other questions of ter- 
* 2nd ed. p. 145. 
f e.g. Hardy, TraitS de la Taille &c, p. 57 and fig. 12. Paris. 13th ed. now 
current. % Op. cit. 15th ed. 
Jardinage, IV. June 1914,^.^362, \\J)p. cit. -p, 80. 
