WATER-GARDENING. 
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masses, interspersed with clumps of Kniphofias and Pampas Grass, can 
be arranged in a fine setting. 
For large lakes such as we are speaking of, good use should be 
made of the Rheums and Gunneras, the finest being of the latter 
genus G. manicata. Whenever possible, plant them on a tongue of 
land, running into the water or an island, so that the bold foliage 
stands out plainly from its surroundings. 
For a long distance effect the White Poplar, when properly grown, 
is a striking object of July beauty. The effect of a large tree against 
a dark background is as though it were a mass of burnished silver. 
The bat Willow (Salix alba coerulea) is of similar appearance, and of 
course is worth planting on account of its commercial value. The 
fine cut-leaved Alders and the deciduous Cypress should always be 
planted in conjunction with the water-side. 
I have but briefly touched on the fourth section of my subject, and 
will pass on to the consideration of division 5, viz. A river, stream, or 
brook passing through the landscape or woodland, or a combination 
of both. 
Positions such as these are full of possibilities, and it is upon them 
that I wish to speak most fully to-day. The opportunities for 
woodland gardening are endless and have been much neglected in the 
past. Assume for the moment that you have recently acquired 
a large or small area of woodland with a stream flowing through it, 
perhaps connecting a series of ponds ; it may be more or less level or 
falling ground. You would proceed to clear away the tangle of under- 
growth through which the stream passed, showing up the tree trunks 
here and there, and in clearings along the stream side plant masses of 
moisture-and-shade-loving plants, and where portions of the surround- 
ing ground were fairly flat you could carry your planting masses well 
into the recesses on either side. When the ground falls sharply to 
the stream you will probably find small ditches acting as feeders 
to the main stream. Their surroundings should be all cleared and the 
small water-courses shown up. Then you can run lines of colour 
up the ditches on either side with, for example, such plants as Primulas 
in spring and early summer. Imagine for a moment standing below 
and looking upwards at a mass of many thousands of Primula pulveru- 
lenta grouped on either side of the small stream making its way 
downhill, and, as an irregular background to the Primulas, the 
woodland itself in all its fresh spring beauty. Or, earlier in the year, 
imagine the sight of many Primula rosea planted in similar manner, 
giving a vision of intense clear colouring, In May, long lines of Trollius 
would be seen, followed by the Panther Lily in July. Again, suppose 
a small feeder stream is descending through open meadow-land just 
where there is only a fringe of woodland. Here in the meadow you 
would plant Iris sibirica, I. orientalis ' Snow Queen ' and ' Emperor ' 
in many masses, and as you stood below in the half shade of the wood 
at the junction of the feeder stream with the main, looking up you 
