WATER-GARDENING. 285 
forms may be similarly used. I would have the planting of the broad 
vistas dealt with in a bold way, using large subjects and plenty of them, 
and then from these broad vistas many smaller paths, which would 
lead to the quieter parts of the wood, such as a group of Silver Birches 
or Scotch Firs that stand in a small clearing. Here all around I would 
mass many of the beautiful forms of Azaleas, Lady Ferns, Polystichums, 
and many others, amongst them Foxgloves and occasional Mulleins 
and a few Lilies, such as Szovitsianum and giganteum, regale, etc. There 
will be colonies of Cyclamen both spring and autumn, and on one 
side a low carpet of Gaultheria procunibens, from which would rise 
the taller G. Shallon, Honeysuckle in masses, and perhaps one rose in a 
tangled mass of beauty from behind a group of Cytisus praecox, 
carpeted with the double lilac Primrose long past its beauty. I notice 
I only mentioned the English ferns, but one must also use freely 
by the stream side some of the North American species, such as 
Onoclea Struthiopteris (Ostrich fern), Osmunda Claytoniana (the Crozier 
Fern) , and Osmunda cinnampmea, not forgetting our own Royal fern, 
and the hardy Canadian Maidenhair (Adiantum pedatum). Associated 
with the ferns in the drier spots can be used freely the North American 
Trilliums and Dog's-tooth Violets, all of which will beautify the ground 
amidst the ferns and help to make a picture with their unfolding 
fronds. I know of no finer plant for individual effect in the open moist 
woodland than a colony of the blue Himalayan Poppy (Meconopsis 
Wallichi). Choose a position fairly damp, where the woodland is 
thin and yet affords shelter from wind, and here you may plant it, 
and from the day its foliage begins to form until possibly eighteen 
months or two years later, when the stem has developed to a height 
of eight feet or the last pearly blue flower has faded, it will be an 
object of beauty. The effect of many spikes of shimmering pale 
opalescent -blue flowers and the foliage on damp days studded with 
drops of water like diamonds is irresistibly lovely. If your woodland 
stream should by any chance pass through peat, then great will be 
your opportunity with such glorious plants as Kalmias, Pernettyas, 
Andromedas, Epigaea, Shortia, Schizocodon, Galax, and hosts of other 
peat -lovers. 
I have so far dealt with water in the woodland and some of the 
many forms in which it is generally seen in gardens. When I say 
dealt with — I have only just touched on the various phases of the 
subject, as it is impossible to deal with them all completely within 
the limits of a single paper. But there is another aspect of water- 
gardening, and one on which I wish to lay particular stress. That is, 
the possibilities of development regarding flat meadow-land adjoining 
a water-course, and through which a tiny brook or small canal finds 
its way to j oin the main stream. By merely diverting this small feeding 
stream and digging out various channels and widening them at intervals 
into larger pools, we soon have a network of small pools and water-ways 
all set in meadow-land capable of much fine planting. Such a flat 
vol. xliii. • u 
