294 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 
accentuate. It is specially important as a means of unifying the 
house and garden. _ ,i 
In fixing a position for a pergola, therefore, one has to consider 
its practical utility as a shady walk, its relation to the house, and its 
influence upon the principal garden pictures. 
A garden which is well planned generally offers at least one position 
for a pergola. The most common opportunity lies in the extension 
of a terrace walk terminating in a garden house or arbour, or working 
up to some climax at a change of axis. 
Picturesque effects may be obtained in the fashion of the old gallery 
walks, by completely enclosing the sides of a formal garden, a Rose 
garden, or croquet lawn, or some such symmetrical feature. A tennis 
lawn should not be so enclosed, as the light is spoiled for playing. 
An ugly wall may often be transformed by building a pergola against 
it. Appropriate situations are easily recognized and are generally 
available, and wider opportunities may be created with the aid of a 
little imagination. 
A pergola is too rarely associated with water, in which the re- 
flection gives such delightful results. Instances may be quoted of a 
straight canal flanked by pergolas and connected at the head by a 
bridge pavilion, of a large pool encircled by a pergola with a fine 
fountain in the centre, of a square pond with arbours at the corners 
linked together by pergolas. A charming view has been presented 
by a pergola flanking a pond sheltered by a wood and leading up 
to a boathouse. 
At Marden Park, Surrey, where the slope of a hill was retained 
by means of a high brick wall, a probable eyesore was transformed 
by the addition of a pergola. A balustrade which protected a walk 
at the top made an unusual and effective addition. 
A pergola is generally well placed where it overlooks a wide view 
at the summit of a series of terraces. A note of character is given 
to one from which the ground falls on one side, affording opportunities 
for dry walling and steps. f 
A pergola of considerable length is generally improved by variation 
in what one may call the roof lines, by a domed section, for instance, 
over a part arranged as an arbour. 
When the relation of a pergola to the garden scheme is decided, 
one has to consider the design and details of construction, and 
subsequently the important question of planting. If the pergola is 
associated with the house or some other building, the design and 
materials should be in architectural agreement. Timber uprights are 
at times quite appropriate to such conditions. 
A special essay would be necessary to deal with all the archi- 
tectural possibilities and problems of the question. I will not attempt 
more than a few general remarks on the subject. 
The degree of refined workmanship is decided by the style of the 
house, but the material may be more roughly worked. Columns 
may be built of many kinds of material, building stone, bricks, roofing- 
