TREES AND SHRUBS FOR AUTUMN AND WINTER EFFECT. 343 
whitethorn, therefore suckers must be watched for, and promptly 
removed when seen. 
Very striking is the autumn colouring of Parrotia persica. Some 
of the leaves may be crimson, some yellow, and others pale yellow, 
margined with light crimson. This shrub grows freely, and is not 
fastidious in the matter of soil. The foliage is retained longer than 
that of most deciduous shrubs. 
The Rhus family, better known as the Sumachs, is a brilliant 
one, but it contains a black sheep which, possibly on account of its 
bad character, sometimes goes under the respectable name of Ampe- 
lopsis Hoggii. Its real name is Rhus Toxicodendron, a climber with 
leaves resembling the Virginian Creeper, and they assume a very 
brilliant colour in the autumn. It is, however, very unwise to plant 
it, as persons handling it are liable to suffer from very serious skin 
eruptions. The other well-known Sumachs are thoroughly desirable 
shrubs, of most gorgeous autumn colouring. These include Rhus 
typhina, R. glabra and its variety laciniata, R. Osbeckii, and the 
dwarfer species, R. copallina. 
Pyrus arbutifolia is a shrub with flowers resembling May-blossom, 
which are succeeded by dark-red berries. The shiny dark-green leaves 
turn a brilliant red colour. The foliage of some of the Berberis family 
colour well, the most beautiful species being B. Thunbergii. 
Euonymus alatus is one of the Spindlewood family, and the beauty 
of its autumn leaves is hard to beat. 
Other good shrubs, are Cornus Kousa, C. florida, C. Nuttalli, and 
Ribes americanum. 
There are many trees and shrubs with more or less brightly coloured 
bark, and the eye dwells on these with pleasure when the last of the 
leaves have fallen, and the birds have eaten the berries. Salix ramulis 
aureis is a very quick-growing willow, of graceful drooping habit, 
with very long whip-like shoots, and pale-yellow bark, which, when 
lit up by the sun, is very beautiful throughout the winter. Britzensis 
is a good willow with red bark. 
The Dogwood family gives us Cornus sibirica, C. sanguinea, and 
C. stolonifera with red shoots, and the variety flaviramea with yellow 
shoots. 
Acer pennsylvanicum, the snake-barked Maple, has smooth green 
bark on the stem and branches, which splits open lengthwise, showing 
clear white stripes. The young shoots are bright red. It is altogether 
a very pretty tree. 
Very few people will overlook the Silver Birch, whose stems are 
almost as conspicuous under the moon as in the daylight. 
The red hairy stems of Rubus phcenicolasius, also known as the 
Wine Berry, which ripens its pretty fruits in August, the equally red 
stems of Rosa nitida and lucida, both of which have bright-red 
autumn leaves, R. rubrifolia, with its plum -coloured bark showing 
through a thin white bloom, all help to brighten the garden in 
the winter season. So also do the whitewashed brambles, Rubus 
