344 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
leucodermis, R. biflorus, and other newer species, although these are 
more at home in the wild garden, where they may have room for 
full development, when the tall white stems are very effective. 
The young shoots of Berberis virescens are brightly coloured, and 
the berries are a darker red than the common Barberry. 
The bark of Arbutus Andrachne and Taxodium sempervirens is 
of a ruddy-brown colour, which becomes more conspicuous as the 
trees increase in age. 
In the case of deciduous shrubs with bright -coloured bark, the 
effect depends largely upon the quantity and length of the young 
shoots. It is therefore frequently the custom to cut such shrubs as 
Cornus sibirica and C. sanguinea, and the red-barked willows, back 
closely at the end of the winter, which causes them to throw up strong 
shoots which colour very brightly. 
There are numerous climbers with brightly coloured leaves, and 
their number is continually being added to. When Ampelopsis 
hederacea, the Virginian Creeper, was first introduced, it must have 
caused a sensation in the garden, and this old climber is still one of 
the best. Unlike Ampelopsis Veitchii, which clings like ivy, the 
Virginian Creeper requires assistance in reaching the eaves of the 
house or the branches of an old tree, but after that it may be left to 
drape the gable with its long red streamers each autumn, and arrange 
festoons among the branches of the tree. 
Ampelopsis Veitchii, since its introduction from Japan in 1868, 
has largely superseded the Virginian Creeper as a wall plant. This 
is due to the rapidity with which it climbs without help, and to the 
greater brilliancy of its autumn colouring. If it has a fault it is 
its almost too trim and tidy appearance. A . muralis and Engelmannii 
are other good varieties of Ampelopsis. 
The following species of Vitis are suitable for the verandah, 
pergola, arch, and wall, or for clothing tree stems. Henryi has 
white bands along the midrib and lateral veins of the leaves, and the 
young shoots and the backs of the leaves are of a purplish colour, 
while the autumn colouring is good and distinct. I have quite recently 
seen plants growing in shady positions, whose appearance seems to 
show that both the summer and autumn colouring may be even 
better under those conditions than in the full sunlight. Vitis Coig- 
nettiae and Thunbergii are two strong-growing, large-leaved vines, 
and both are very valuable plants for the pergola. Their autumn 
colouring varies, but is usually very brilliant. Vitis armata is one 
of the more recent introductions, and is a very beautiful species. 
Vitis purpurea, the Claret Vine, has dark-red leaves throughout the 
summer which become much brighter in the autumn. When seen 
with the sunlight shining through the leaves the effect is very striking. 
Then, lastly, we have the shrubs with bright-coloured berries. 
No one is likely to overlook the Hollies, because they are always with 
us, and will always remain indispensable. So also will the Mountain 
Ash and the Pyracantha, even though the fondness of the birds for 
