NOTES AND ABSTRACTS, 545 
NOTES AND ABSTRACTS. 
Abies cephalonica Loud. By O. Stapf (Bot. Mag. t. 8691 ; Dec. 1916). — 
Native of Greece, reaching a height of 100 feet in this country. — F. J. C. 
Abies Fraseri. By A. Bruce Jackson (Gard. Chron. May 25, 191 8, p. 215; 
with fig.). — The nineteenth of this series of critical notes on Conifers. Refers 
to two specimens of this rare fir 15 feet high, planted fourteen years ago at 
Colesborne. — E. A. B. 
Absorption of Nutrients as affected by the Number of Roots supplied with 
the Nutrient. By P. L. Gile and J. O. Carrero (Jour. Agr. Res. ix. p. 73, April 
1917). — The authors find the absorption of nutrient substances cannot be 
efficiently compassed if only some of the rcots are in contact with the nutrient. 
This has, of course, a direct bearing upon the method of distributing nutrients in 
the soil, suggesting that they should be evenly distributed rather than that they 
should be placed in one part of the soil only. — F. J. C. 
Alpine and Rock Plants. By J. W. B. (Irish Gard. xiii., April 191 8, pp. 58- 
61). — A long and interesting article on a fascinating topic. We are a little 
surprised to read, however, that " the propagation of alpines presents no unusual 
difficulties." Seed frequently fails to germinate in a satisfactory manner, seed- 
lings are apt to damp off, and even when cuttings are put in they frequently 
fail to strike root if they are of the choicer plants. These points should be 
no deterrent to the alpine gardener, but the statement above is a little 
misleading. — E. T. E. 
Aphies abiet (Irish Gard. xiii. p. 105, July 191 8). — A pest similar to green- 
fly ; very prevalent on Picea Morinda, Maximowiczii, obovata, omorika, orientalis, 
and sitchensis. 
Two sprayings of tobacco water diluted to | strength with water, given at 
intervals of about a month, will effect a cure. — E. T. E. 
Aphis, Mealy Plum, Hyalopteris pruni. By J. G. Blakey (Gard. Chron. 
Jan. 5, 1918, p. 1, with 5 figs.). — Records the discovery that eggs are laid on 
plum from September onward, which remain dormant on the trees, and a large 
proportion of the insects remain on plum all the year. This makes it doubtful 
whether previous statements are correct in declaring it to be a form of H. arun- 
dinis and to pass a great part of the year on grasses . — E. A . Bd. 
Apple Blotch and its Control. By John W. Roberts (U.S.A. Dep. Agr., Bur. 
PI. Ind., Bull. 534, pp. 1-11, June 1917; 2 plates). — Apple blotch caused by 
Phyllosticta solitaria attacks the twigs, leaves, and blossoms, as well as the fruit 
of many varieties of apples grown in Southern United States. The fungus can 
winter in the diseased twigs and infect the young fruits in the following season. 
The author believes that the " mummified " apples do not cause much infection. 
The disease is controlled by three sprayings with 3-4-50 Bordeaux mixture at 
intervals of three weeks, the first being applied about three weeks after the 
blossom petals have fallen. Lime sulphur solution may be substituted for 
Bordeaux mixture where the disease is not severe. — A. B. 
Apple Diseases in Indiana. ByH. S. Jackson (U.S. A. Dep. Agr. Exp. Stn. Purdue, 
Cir. 70, pp. 1-23, Sept. 191 7 J 14 figs.). — This paper describes the appearance, 
cause, and control measures of the following diseases of apples : (1 ) Apple Scab 
Fungus (Venturia inaequalis) ; (2) Apple Rust (Cedar Rust) (Gymnosporangium 
Juniperae-virginianae) ; (3) Black Rot (Physalospora Cydoniae) ; (4) Bitter 
Rot (Anthracnose) (Glomerella cingulata) ; (5) Blister Canker (Nummularia dis- 
creta) ; (6) Apple Blotch (Phyllosticta solitaria) ; (7) Xylaria Root Rot (Xylaria 
sp.) ; (8) Sooty Blotch (Leptothyrium pomi) ; (9) Bitter- Pit or Stippen (cause 
not yet known). 
A spraying schedule is appended for Indiana in controlling these diseases. 
A. B. 
