554 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
been tried. Fumigation is useless. Spraying with a nicotine compound gave 
the best results. [The soft soap and sulphur dip which has proved so useful 
with begonia mite in England does not appear to have been tried. It is made by 
kneading flowers of sulphur into a handful of soft soap and dissolving the mixture 
in i£ gallon of water.] — F. J. C s 
Cymbidium ensifolium. By J. Gattefosse (Le Jard. vol. xxxii. pp. 245, 
246 ; 1 fig.). — Cymbidium ensifolium is grown in large quantities in China, where 
it is regarded as the queen of flowers. The orchid is grown in basin-shaped pots 
under glass with a minimum temperature of 50 0 F. A light soil containing 
peat mixed with half its bulk of powdered shell and plenty of water is desirable. 
A solution of 100 grammes of ammonium phosphate, 60 nitrate, 10 carbonate, 
and 8 grammes of potassium nitrate makes an excellent fertilizer.— S. E. W. 
Cytisus monspessulanus Linn. By O. Stapf (Bot. -Mag. t. 8685 ; Nov. 
1 916). — Shrub 3 to 9 feet high, native of Mediterranean region and Canaries. 
Introduced before 1735. Killed by i5°-20° of frost, but seeds easily obtained 
from South France, Flowers bright yellow in clusters in May. — F. J. C. 
Dahlia * Suzanne Lebret.' By F. Cayeux (Rev. Hort. vol. xc. p. 10; 1 col. 
plate). — ' Suzanne Lebret ' forms a bush about one yard in height. It bears 
numerous flowers of a delicate tint, which are intermediate between the Cactus 
and the decorative dahlias. The flowers are slightly incurved at the centre and 
recurved at the periphery. — S. E. W. 
Dendrobium Palpebrae Lindl. By R. A. Rolfe (Bot. Mag. t. 8683 ; October 
1916). — Native of Burma, and first introduced by Messrs. Veitch from Moulmein 
in 1849, Flowers white, lip with yellow or orange disk and a markedly ciliate 
margin. Thriving in company with D. thyrsiflorum and D. densiflorum. 
F. /, C. 
Disanthus cercidiiolia. By A. O. (Irish Gard. xiii., Jan. 1918, p. 6). — This 
comparatively little-known shrub is quite hardy out of doors. Well-drained 
loamy soil is desirable, containing leaf -mould and peat. It blooms in October. 
E. T. E. 
Dunes, Control of. By F, H. Sanford (U.S.A. Exp. Stn., Michigan, May 
1916). — Vast amounts of money have been spent on sand dune reclamation, 
some to good purpose followed by entire success, and some in the form of experi- 
ment. This experimental work has demonstrated satisfactorily the possibility 
of control Dunes which occur near salt water present greater difficulties in 
their control than those lying inland or near fresh water. The humidity of the 
locality as well as the total annual and seasonal rainfall all contribute their 
effects. The Great Lakes sand dunes are favoured in this respect. The lake 
winds are heavily charged with water and the annual rainfall amounts to from 
thirty-five to forty inches on the Lake Michigan shore and from twenty-six to 
thirty inches on 1he Huron and Superior shores. Under such moisture con- 
ditions, and with the absence of the deleter ous influence of the salt spray of 
other regions , successful reclamation of shifting sand may be assured. 
Beach grass, known also as Sea Sand Reed, Sea Matweed, and Marram, 
Ammophila arenaria (L.) Link, is the most valuable grass known to hold drifting 
sand. It is found along all the shores of the Great Lakes and grows vigorously. 
It is particularly valuable because of its root-stalk growth, which enables it to 
grow up through rapidly accumulating sand. 
Sand along the Michigan shores can be controlled if proper methods are 
applied. Certain plants are admirably adapted for use in establishing a " crust " 
in which other forms of tree growth must be planted tof insure permanent foiest 
cover. 
By waiting for planted belts to giow into high shelters, certain adjacent 
belts in the lee may be utili zed by the growth of certain forest crops, or orchards, 
but never by annual crops, '■* 
Studies of planting done from ten to twenty years ago point out the imperative 
need of establishing and maintaining a solid cover on the windward slopes 
of all dunes. |M 
Planting must begin there so as to establish a facing of low forms that are 
capable of withstanding the rough treatment to which they will be subjected. 
In all dune formations where the sand is cast up by water a control shelter 
of hardy shrubs must be set as close as possible to the winter line of high water 
and ice. An artificial barrier of drift material and wood forms a splendid 
protection and justifies expense to establish it t — A. D. 
