NOTES AND ABSTRACTS. 
579 
mimutes later the stirring was stopped, and the material left for two days, in 
which time it sets to a semi-solid cake. A further 2 lb. of coal-tar neutral oil 
was subsequently stirred into each 50 lb. of the mixture in order to give it the 
desired oily surface. It is said to be considerably cheaper than any other 
successful banding material at present obtainable. The bands remain on the 
trees during the winter and can be moistened with turpentine in the spring so 
that they will be effective for two seasons. — G. W. G. 
Trollius. By S« Mottet (Rev. Hort. vol. xc, pp. 102-103 ; 1 col, plate). — 
Trollius Ledebouri has been recently re-introduced into cultivation. It is of erect 
habit with branching stems, The flowers are remarkable for their warm orange 
colour and their crown of long petals. It is of easy cultivation. 
T, pumilus var* yunnanensis bears large yellow flowers resembling a Ranun- 
culus* It likes a light rich soil in a half-shady position.— S. E. W. 
Turnips, A Colletotriehum Leaf-spot of. By B. B. Higgins (Jour, Agr. Res. 
x. t pp, 157-162; July 191 7 ; figs.). — Colletotriehum Higginsianum (Saccardo) 
attacks turnip foliage, stems, and seed-pods, producing small circular straw- 
coloured spots upon them. It was not found to be carried in the seed as are 
C M Lindemuthianum in beans and C t Gossypii in cotton. — F. J. C. 
Vegetables, Tests with Nitrate of Soda in the Production of Early. By J f W. 
Lloyd (U.S.A. Exp. Stn., III., Bull. 184, Nov. 1915).— The use of nitrate of 
soda as a fertilizer for early crops of vegetables is recommended. 
Bi-weekly application to cabbage, cauliflower, spinach, radishes, turnips, 
and^beets proved profitable, but not to onions and lettuce. — C. P. C. 
Vine,. A Non-Parasitic Malady of taa. By F. E, Gladwin (U.S.A. Exp. Stn 
New York, Bull. 449, pp, 97-1 1°, March 1918 ; 3 plates). — The malady first 
made its appearance in the summer of 1910 and was supposed to be chlorosis, 
but later observations disclosed their dissimilarity, for it shows itself on light 
soils during drought and on heavy soils when excessively wet. The first indica- 
tions show a bleaching between the bundles, which afterwards turn yellow and 
the whole leaf is soon affected. This checks the growth of the vine, and the fruit 
does not form satisfactorily. Soils deficient in organic matter are often associated 
with this malady, and younger vines are more often affected than older ones. 
Sulphate of iron — the general measure of control for chlorosis in Europe — fails 
to lessen the affection. The only cure is the addition of considerable amounts 
of organic matter to the soil. Stable manure and s r c cn manurinsr2 are both 
useful in this connexion, — A. B g 
Vine, Little-leaf of the. By F. T. Bioletti and Leon Bonnet (Jouv. Agr. 
Res. viii. p. 381 ; March 6, 1917 ; figs.). — This disease, said to vie in seriousness 
with Phylloxera and Oidium, and confined to sandy soil in California, is 
characterized by small, yellowish leaves, short-jointed canes, and, in several 
cases, dead spots on the leaves and gummy secretions in the conducting tissues* 
In severe cases the vines die after a few years, in slight cases the fruit is set 
imperfectly. No specific organism has been found connected with the disease, 
and local soil conditions are suspected as the cause. No cure has yet been 
discovered. — F. J. C. 
Walnut Blight in Eastern United States. By S. M. McMurran {U.S. A. Dep. 
Agr., Bur. PI. Ind., Bull. 611, Dec. 191 7, pp. 1-8 ; 2 plates).— Walnut Blight or 
Bacteriosis is distributed generally throughout the Eastern States. During the 
summer of 191 6 pure cultures of the causal organism were obtained from naturally 
infected nuts ; inoculation experiments were conducted in healthy nuts and 
twigs, and uniformly produced the disease. From the observations of the author, 
it is stated that late infections were the rule in 1916. The micro-organism 
causing the disease is now known as Bacterium juglandis (Pierce) Erw. Smith. 
Extensive experiments to control this disease by spraying have been con- 
ducted from time to time in California, but the results have never been entirely 
satisfactory. The apparent means of control is the production of immune or 
highly resistant varieties, and wide planting of small numbers of trees is suggested. 
A. B* 
War-Time Flowers. By R. M. Pollock (Irish Gard. xiii., March 191 8. 
pp. 41-42 ; 1 fig.). — A useful but brief contribution enumerating a number of 
