EXAMINATION OF SOME SPINAL NERVES 125 
Xlllth Post-thoracic Root. — Tail lifted and generally abducted, very often toward opposite side ; 
no movement of arms or of limb. 
Xllth Post-thoracic Root. — Tail abducted, very often toward opposite side ; no movement of arms 
or of limb. 
Xlth Post-thoracic Root. — Tail abducted, very often toward opposite side ; no movement of arms 
or of limb. 
Xth Post-thoracic Root. — Tail abducted, often to opposite side ; protrusion of anus ; no 
movement in the limb proper. 
IXth Post-thoracic Root. — Tail abducted, less commonly to the opposite side ; protrusion of anus ; 
flexion of hallux, less frequently of other digits as well. It makes no difference to 
this movement whether the plexus be post-fixed or not. 
Vlllth Post-thoracic Root. — Tail abducted to same side ; protrusion of anus. The anal 
movement obtained from this and the two preceding roots is almost always protrusion, 
and rarely shows more than a trace of unilaterality, so that here again must occur a 
cross-path of low resistance athwart the median plane of the cord. 
Flexion and adduction of hallux and flexion of other digits ; slight flexion of knee 
(contraction of hamstring) ; slight plantar flexion of ankle (in one experiment this 
was bilateral, but more vigorous on the same side than on the crossed). When all 
the reflexes have been abolished by pushing the chloroform, the hallux reflex is 
usually the earliest to return. 
Vllth Post-thoracic Root. — Tail abducted to same side ; flexion of knee ; flexion of hallux and 
digits, especially of hallux and 2nd toe ; dorso-flexion of ankle (very rarely plantar 
flexion). When the filaments of this large root are separated into three sets, made up 
respectively of the anterior, middle, and posterior groups, no distinct difference between 
the replies obtained from each of the three is observable ; crossed plantar flexion 
of ankle. 
Vlth Post-thoracic Root. — Tail abducted to same side ; flexion of knee, flexion of hip with some 
internal rotation ; flexion of hallux and of other digits ; less easily dorso-flexion of 
ankle with tilting up of the outer edge of the foot ; adduction of thigh, easily obtain- 
able as a crossed reflex. 
Vth Post-thoracic Root. — Flexion of hip ; flexion of knee (the inner hamstrings and the gracilis, 
perhaps, seem particularly active) ; flexion of hallux, loss of toes ; slight dorso-flexion 
of ankle at times ; adduction of hip as a crossed effect ; movement of tail — not 
always. 
IVth Post-thoracic Root. — Curving of body so that hind-limbs point toward side stimulated ; 
flexion of hip ; flexion of knee ; flexion of hallux occasionally, and still less frequently 
accompanied by flexion of digits ; quite rarely slight dorso-flexion of ankle ; adduction 
of hip occasionally with crossed adduction. 
Ilird Post-thoracic Root. — Curving of body toward side stimulated, as above, but more so ; flexion 
of hip, rarely flexion of knee ; occasionally flexion of hallux and occasionally of other 
digits as well ; drawing up of cremaster. 
