EXAMINATION OF SOME SPINAL NERVES 
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evoked extension of wrist and flexion of elbow, succeeded by extension of left hip with some abduction 
of it, and usually some flexion of left toes. No movement elsewhere. 
Cat : — Transection as above. 
Stimulation of either fore-pad evoked lateral abduction of tail, generally towards the side of the 
foot excited ; no movement elsewhere, except in fore-limb excited. 
Cat : — Transection as above. 
Stimulation of either fore-pad, by touching with a wire, evoked, in addition to movement in same 
fore-limb, flexion in hip of same side, quickly followed by extension of both hips, with some abduction 
of both hips. 
Cat : — Transection above 1st cervical. 
Pinching pinna with fine forceps, near the tip, evokes movement in the fore-limb of the same side. 
The stimulus is more effective near the tip than elsewhere, and is ineffective along the front and root of 
the pinna (owing to section). Stimulation of pinna is competent, even when Ilnd and Ilird cervical 
nerves have been severed. Excitation of the central ends of 1st, Ilnd, or Ilird cervical nerves has an 
effect equivalent to pinna. The movement provoked is sometimes flexion, but more usually is extension 
of wrist and flexion of elbow, with some pronation of forearm ; or extension and flexion may alternate 
for a short time in a clonic manner. No movement in the other limbs. 
Cat : — Cord cut above 1st cervical. 
Mechanical or thermal excitation of pinna of either ear evokes clonic flexion of hip, knee, ankle 
(dorsal-flexion), and toes of the same side. No movement in any other limb nor in the tail, but a 
retraction of the abdominal muscles which appears to be bilateral. 
Cat : — Cord cut as above. 
Mechanical or thermal excitation of pinna evokes a clonic abduction and extension of both lips 
earlier and stronger on the same side of the pinna excited, and accompanied on that side only by flexion 
of the pedal digits. 
Cat : — Cord cut as above. 
Excitation of pinna evokes following sequence of movements : — 
1. Extension of elbow and of wrist in the fore-limb of the same side as the excitation. 
2. Flick of tail generally to same side as the side of excitation. 
3. Extension of hip, knee, and ankle of same side as excitation, often clonic. 
4. Extension of hip, knee, and ankle of opposite side to that of excitation, feebler, often 
clonic. No movement in opposite fore-limb. 
Dog : — Cerebrum and cerebellum removed. Touching nostril evokes turning of the neck and 
head to the opposite side. 
Cat : — Cord cut half way up the bulb ; touching the spinna causes the head and neck to be turned 
towards the opposite side. 
Cat : — Cord cut above 1st cervical. Stimulation of either Ilnd cervical nerve just beyond 
ganglion, evokes extension of wrist and forearm of same side as nerve excited, and flexion of hip, knee, 
ankle, and toes of same side : latter succeeded by extensor sweep of hip and ankle (a kick), and then 
returning to flexion again. The opposite hind-limb sometimes follows the idio-lateral one, executing a 
similar movement, alternately with it. The fore-limb movement is tonic, the hind-limb movement is 
clonic. The movement did not spread to opposite fore-limb. 
Cat : — Cord cut as above. 
Weak faradic excitation of the central end of the small dorsal branch of the ulnar nerve on the 
hand produced extension of wrist, flexion of elbow, adduction forwards of arm, so as to turn paw across 
chest ; and evoked, a moment later, abduction and extension of hip of same side and some extension 
(plantar) of same-side ankle. 
Dog : — Cord cut as above. 
Excitation of either fore-paw evokes abduction and extension of hip and ankle of same side, quickly 
succeeded by similar movement of opposite hind-limb. The same spread is not infrequently seen in the 
Cat, but more frequent is flexion of knee and extension of hip with clonic flexion of the digits. 
Cat : — Cord cut above 1st cervical root. 
