30 THOMPSON YATES LABORATORIES REPORT 
Professor Boyce, to whom I am indebted for permission to use his results, has carried on 
numerous experiments during the last two years for the Health Committee of the Corporation 
of Liverpool. During the year 1898, 84 samples of 'town' milk, of which 7 (=8.3 per 
cent.) proved to be tuberculous on Guinea-pig inoculation ; and 28 samples of ' railway ' or 
'country' milk, of which 5 (= 17.8 per cent.) were infective, were examined; while during 1899, 
to tlie end of June, of 75 samples of ' town ' and 63 samples of ' railway' milk, 6.6 per cent, of the 
former and 17.4 per cent, of the latter proved to be tuberculous. These results indicate the 
effects of better sanitation in the cowsheds, shippons, and dairy premises in large towns, as 
compared with country places, enforced by local by-laws, ensuring better ventilation, spacing, 
cleanliness, and regular inspection. 
The consideration of the relation between the presence of tubercle bacilli in milk, and 
the extent of the disease in the animal yielding that milk, adds greater and more important interest 
to the question. The use of tuberculin for the detection of tuberculosis in cattle seems to be an 
almost infallible test. The presence of a small tuberculous lymphatic gland has often proved, 
post-mortem, to be the only lesion occasioning the reaction to tuberculin ; indeed, some 
investigators are so sure of its infallibility that they assert that, although no naked-eye lesions 
ma)' be detected at the usual examination, a careful search will discover deposits in parts generally 
never looked at — spinal column, joints, and interior of bones, &c. 
In 1880 Bollinger,* by inoculation experiments, found the milk of a Cow with tuberculosis 
of the udder to be infective, as also that of another case of tuberculosis without lesion of the udder. 
MAvt obtained only one positive result with the milk of six ' graped ' Cows, and SteinJ four 
positive results from 14 'graped' Cows. Bang,§ of Copenhagen, has made numerous experiments. 
The milks from 63 Cows with advanced tuberculosis were proved to be tuberculous only in 
14 per cent. Hirschberger || asserts from his experiments (20 cases with 11 positive results) 
that milk may be infective when only a small lesion occurs in the lung. ErnstH examined 114 
samples of milk from 36 tuberculous Cows showing no udder leison and 28.57 per cent, proved 
to be infective. Smith and Schroder** found the milk infective in 2 cases out of 6 tuberculous 
animals with no udder lesion ; and Schroder, later, found the same in two samples of milk from 
31 tuberculous cases. DELEPiNEtt proved the presence of tuberculosis in the milk of 2 cases 
out of 6 which had reacted to tuberculin and showed, clinically, more or less evidence of the 
disease. Li these two cases the udders showed lesions microscopically. Later he examined the 
milk of 24 suspicious udders with results shown in his table reproduced : — 
* 'Aerztliches Intelligenzblatt,' 1880, p. 409. ^ 'American Journal of the Medical Sciences,' November, 
t'Archivfiir Hygiene,' 1883, Band i, p. 121. 1889. 
J Inaugural Dissertation, Berlin, 1884. ** ' United States Department of Agriculture, Bureau of 
§ 'Deutsche Zeitschrift fiir Thiermedicin und Vergleichende Animal Industry :' Bulletin 3, 1893, p. 60 ; also 
Pathologic,' 1884 and 1891, p. 1. Bulletin 7, 1894, p. 75. 
II ' Archiv fiir Klinische Medicin,' 1889. -|-|- 'Journal of Comparative Pathology,' 1897, p. 192. 
