TUBERCLE BACILLI IN MILK, ETC. 35 
6 with 2. These were all killed some 8 or 10 weeks after inoculation ; bvit with i sample only, 
and that in both the Guinea-pigs injected, could there be found any lesion indicating the presence 
of tubercle bacilli. In these were nodules on the mesenery containing caseous material ; enlarged 
purulent mesenteric glands ; the intestines and organs were adherent to each other and to the 
abdominal wall ; the liver was enlarged and studded with several dirty yellow patches penetrating 
into the liver tissue ; the spleen was adherent but apparently normal (it was enlarged in one case) ; 
and the lungs were dotted on their surfaces with small transparent nodules. The lymphatic 
glands and nodules on the liver contained bacilli in large number, staining by Ziehl-Nielsen's 
method. Cultures failed because of rapid overgrowth of accompanying micro-organisms. 
Subcutaneous inoculation into Guinea-pigs from the lymphatic glands and liver nodules gave rise to 
abscesses which evacuated and healed, bacilli staining by Ziehl-Nielsen being demonstrated in 
the pus. These animals, killed some weeks after, showed no further lesion. In sections of the 
nodules in the organs of the original Guinea-pigs the typical tuberculous characteristics (giant cells 
and epithelioid cells) failed. There lesions were therefore probably occasioned, not by Koch's 
bacillus tuberculosis, but by an orgaiiism identical or similar to that described by Rabinowitsch 
and detailed above. 
In Liverpool, early in 1899, the experiments were continued with 13 samples collected 
from various shops in the city. Subcutaneous inoculation was practised, 2 Guinea-pigs for each 
sample. In this case only 2 Guinea-pigs died within 10 days ; so that 2 samples had only i animal 
each. Out of these 13 samples only i proved to be tuberculous, the Guinea-pig exhibiting, post- 
mortem, the typical characteristic, both macro- and microscopically, of real tuberculosis. 
Inoculations from the lesions subcutaneously were followed by typical tuberculosis in Guinea-pigs. 
Thus, out of a total of 28 samples, 15 of Berlin and 13 of Liverpool margarine, only one proved to 
contain virulent bacillus tuberculosis of Koch, and that in a sample from the latter city. 
I wish to take this opportunity of thanking my late colleagues at Professor Koch's Institute 
for their great courtesy and kindness towards me during the 18 months when I worked among 
them, and particularly Professor Koch, Professor Pfeiffer, Professor Brieger, and Professor 
Frosch for their help and advice during my researches. 
