44 THOMPSON YATES LABORATORIES REPORT 
A large amount of ice-cream is, of course, sold in shops supplying sweets, mineral waters, 
and other refreshments throughout the City. Most of these are already registered as milkshops, 
are under constant supervision, and, as a rule, require very little doing to them before commencing 
or continuing the sale of ice-cream. 
Besides these, however, there arc two other classes of manufacturers and vendors : — 
(1) Large businesses for the wholesale manufacture of the material for supplying, for 
example, passenger steamers, hotels, and the like. 
(2) Small traders, mostly, though by no means only, Italians, who as a rule manufacture 
and store the ice-cream and the ingredients of which it is composed under grossly insanitary 
conditions. Some of tliese traders have only a barrow trade ; others do that and a retail shop 
business too — often combining the sale of fried fish and chip potatoes with that of ice-cream and 
other 'delicacies.' 
With regard to these two classes, our aim has been to get the large manufacturer either to 
make his present premises thoroughly sanitary, or, failing that, to take new ones. In the case of 
the small trader, to get him to combine with others in the same business and to take some suitable 
building where they can all manufacture and store their ice-cream, instead of using their own 
houses. 
In a very large number of cases this has taken place, but where for personal or other 
reasons a trader prefers to keep his business entirely to himself, he must then strictly conform to 
the regulations. 
In conclusion, I would venture to suggest tliat pending the passing of a general Act 
preventing the manufacture and storage of ice-cream under insanitary conditions, for which Act 
I fear we shall have to wait a long time, each Local Authority in whose district any considerable 
trade of this kind exists should apply for Parliamentary powers on its own account on the lines of, 
and, if possible, better than those granted by the Liverpool Act of 1898. 
The reader of the paper concluded by describing and exhibiting plans ot two typical 
premises where ice-cream was being manufactured under insanitary conditions, and of the buildings 
to which the offender in each case moved, as a result of the representation of the Health 
Department. 
