SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES ON THE TSETSE-FLIES 105 
the river Omo, which falls into the north of Lake Rudolf. In West Africa (Sierra 
Leone) Major Fred Smith, D.S.O., R. A.M. C, writing to the author from Freetown 
on May 16 last, stated that in April of the present year he had found Glossina palpalis 
all the way from Freetown to Kakena in the north of the Sierra Leone Protectorate. 
It was the only species met with, though Major Smith's native boys talked of a larger 
one (probably Glossina fused), which, however, he did not encounter. In Northern 
Nigeria Glossina palpalis was found in March of the present year in the Kadima River 
Valley, thirteen miles south of Wushishi, by Dr. S. H. Jones, who kindly presented 
the three specimens collected by him to the British Museum. The National Collection 
has also received four specimens from Mr. W. F. Gowers, collected by himself on the 
Forcados River, Southern Nigeria, on June 18, 1904. Lastly, it may be noted that 
a large series of specimens of this species were obtained by Drs. Dutton, Todd, and 
Christy near Leopoldville, on the islands in Stanley Pool, and at other localities on 
the Lower Congo from November, 1903, to May, 1904, during the expedition for the 
study of trypanosomiasis, recently dispatched to the Congo by the Liverpool School 
of Tropical Medicine. 
Habits of Glossina palpalis. 
Contrary to what has been found to be the case with regard to Glossina morsitans 
in South Africa, Glossina palpalis does not appear to be dependent for its existence 
upon big game, and in Uganda, at any rate, the members of the Sleeping Sickness 
Commission seem to have come to the conclusion that this species of Tsetse-fly sub- 
sists largely upon human blood. This is supported by the experience of Mr. W. Y. 
Wyndham on the Albert Nyanza. Writing to Dr. Nabarro from Wadelai on 
November 2, 1903, Mr. Wyndham says : — 
'The fly cannot depend for its existence upon game, as in most of the places in which I found it 
there was none or next to none.' 
On the subject of habits, Mr. Wyndham writes : — 
' The fly seems a rapid feeder, to judge from some caught on the men. The}' do not appear early in 
the morning, but continue until evening has well set in, and I caught one which was decidedly lively after 
dark by candle-light.' 
The following field notes concerning Glossina palpalis on the Congo have been 
kindly furnished by Dr. Ccthbert Christy : — 
' We found Glossina palpalis to be extremely common on the banks of the Congo and its tributaries, 
even on the smallest streams, as far up as the mouth of the Kassi River. As to its presence beyond that 
I cannot as yet give you any information. We frequently observed that it was commoner and more blood- 
thirsty at bridges and fords, or in places where ferry canoes were kept, or where the women go down to 
draw water or wash, than on either side further up or down the stream. On the approach of either 
animal or man at a river crossing or in the densest forest, the victim is soon scented out by the Tsetse-fly 
it there be one in the vicinity, and then either silently or with a peevish buzz the fly makes straight for 
the most accessible spot, by preference the leg or foot in man, or in the ear in the pig, to which animal it 
seems especially partial. 
P 
