TRYPANOSOMES, TRYPANOSOMIASIS, AND SLEEPING SICKNESS 81 
The base of the brain was normal ; the brain substance firm, and the vessels of the 
grey matter slightly congested ; ventricular system dilated, its ependyma glossy, 
smooth and firm, showing congested vessels. The cerebellum presented the same 
congestion ot its leptomeninges (Fig. 2), but appeared otherwise normal ; pons and 
medulla macroscopically normal. The cord showed very congested vessels, the 
anterior and posterior spinal arteries appearing as thick coiling threads (Fig. 3). On 
cross section, hardly any change was seen except dilation ot the central canal. The 
tympanic cavity was normal. Diaphragm on both sides reached the fourth rib. 
Thyroid was a little enlarged, but appeared normal on section. The mucous 
membrane of the tracheae was swollen, congested, and of a dark red colour. Nearly 
the whole of the pharyngeal mucous membrane as tar down as two cm. above the 
glottis was ulcerated, and covered with a stinking greenish-grey coating. The 
mucous membrane of the nasal cavities showed the same condition, and were filled 
by a greenish cheesy mass. The ulceration extended along the soft palate to the 
middle of the roof of the mouth. The uvula was oedematous and swollen. The 
mucous membranes of the frontal, ethmoidal sinuses and of the antrum were 
normal. 
The glands of the neck, especially at the posterior border of sterno-mastoid, were 
enlarged (some three cm. in diameter), quite free, and on cross section presented a 
greyish meshwork filled with reddish-coloured tissue. Some of the glands, however, 
appeared normal. 
Both lungs were free and not adherent. The visceral pleura was thickened and 
showed a few haemorrhages. The right lung was generally congested, with here and 
there patches of consolidation the size of a hazelnut. The mucous membrane ot the 
main bronchus was livid, while the smaller bronchi contained pus. The left lung 
showed less consolidation than the right, and its main bronchus was only slightly 
affected . 
The pericardium contained a few c.c. of yellowish-coloured serum. The heart 
muscle was pale and flabby. Endocardium, valves, and intima of the aorta normal. 
The peribronchial glands were slightly enlarged and anthracosed. 
The abdominal cavity contained about two hundred c.c. of cloudy fluid. Liver 
was of normal size, pale and friable, the lobular arrangement indistinct. The gall- 
bladder full of dark brownish gall. 
The spleen was enlarged (16 x 11 x 4 cm.), its capsule thickened, its tissue dark 
red in colour, very soft and easily torn. The malpighian bodies distinct and prominent 
and of a greyish colour. The urogenital system appeared normal. The mucous 
membrane of the stomach and intestines was pale ; the latter contained a few examples 
of Trichocephalus dispar of both sexes. 
The mesenteric glands were slightly enlarged, some being soft and haemorrhagic 
and others quite normal. Glands of the groin also enlarged (two-and-a-half cm. 
