24 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
upright habit and make vase-shaped trees with but little branching ; 
these are the Glaskirschen of German authors. 
The shoots of Cherries are not so distinct as many other fruits. 
The Dukes and Amarelles can, of course, be easily separated, but 
among the Bigarreaus and Guignes the colour of the bark is difficult 
to describe as it is so much complicated by the scarf skin, which peels 
off and gives a silvery tinge. 
The lenticels vary in size and conspicuousness, as may be seen by 
comparing ' Waterloo ' (fig. 9) with the ' White Heart ' (fig. 10) . They 
may also be raised above the surface as in 1 White Heart ' or below, 
for example in ' Guigne d'Annonay ' they often fail to break through 
the outer cuticle. 
The shoots vary in length and strength as in other fruits, the 
' White Heart, ' for instance, making long, feeble, arching shoots like a 
Jargonelle Pear, and ' Guigne d'Annonay ' has stout, short-jointed 
wood as in the Pear ' Marguerite Marrillat.' 
It is in the bud that we find the most distinct characters, and taking 
again the centre of a well-grown shoot many good characters may be 
observed. The Bigarreaus and Guignes are sharply separated from 
the other classes by their long pointed buds, whereas the Morello and 
Amarelles have rounder and plumper buds. 
Typical Bigarreau buds are seen in ' Noir de Guben ' (fig. 13) and 
'Black Eagle ' (fig. 14). It will be noticed that the angle of the bud 
varies considerably in different varieties, as does the size of the support. 
Fig. 10 shows the remarkable bud of the ' White Heart ' ; its large 
support and direction from the shoot are very characteristic. ' Water- 
loo ' (fig. 9) shows a more normal variety as a contrast. 
The support is more marked in the Bigarreaus than in the Dukes 
and Amarelles and Morellos ; in fact, the further av/ay from Pmnus 
Avium we get the smaller and more willow-like is the wood, and generally 
speaking the rounder the bud. A typical Duke bud is that of ' Nouvelle 
Royale* (fig. 11), while the Amarelle is represented by ' Amarelle tres 
fertile' (fig. 12). 
Plums. 
In Plums the differences in the form of adult trees are not so 
striking as in other fruits, We meet the upright forms/ of which ' Czar ' 
is a well-known example, and as a general rule the larger the fruit the 
stouter and less divaricated the branches. Such Plums as * Oullin's 
Golden Gage ' illustrate the first group and ' Stint ' the latter, while the 
Damsons show the extreme of twigginess. 
We find in Plums the short-jointed, stout- wooded varieties as in 
Pears and Apples, and ' Boulouf ' and ' Late Transparent Gage ' are 
striking in this respect ; of the long-shooted varieties ' Victoria ' is , 
typical. 
The winter study of Plums is greatly facilitated by the down which 
is found on the young shoots, as the presence or absence of this makes 
it possible to divide them into two groups. There are, however, a 
