22 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
Again in the marked yellow wood-colour of ' Doyenne d'Alencon,' 
' Souvenir de Congres,' ' Marguerite Marrillat,' ' Winter Windsor,' 
' Beurre Alexandre Lucas/ and ' Beurre Dumont ' are equally reliable 
in my experience. Scarcely less unchanging is the olive-green tinge of 
' Bellissime d'Hiver,' ' Conference,' ' Glou Morceau,' ' Chalk,' ' Le 
Brun,' ' Duchesse d'Angouleme,' and ' Beurre Diel.' 
The nurseryman has perhaps unequalled opportunities for observing 
such coloration, as a bundle of young trees gives a more satisfactory 
impression of colour to the eye than observation of individual shoots, 
and in a bundle of grafts any of the above-mentioned varieties would 
be immediately conspicuous if intermixed among those of another 
colour group. 
The diameter of the shoot varies largely in the Pear. At one 
extremity we have the very stout shoots with short internodes such 
as ' Marguerite Marrillat ' and ' Bellissime d'Hiver,' and at the opposite 
end slender whippy shoots like ' Josephine de Malines.' Some varieties 
are very tortuous in growth if allowed to follow their own devices, and 
' Jargonelle ' and ' Vicar of Winkfield ' are among these. 
The lenticel characters are sharply defined in many varieties, and 
may be distinguished as oval and round. In the first class fall ' Uve- 
dale's St. Germain,' ' Dr. Jules Guyot,' ' Beurre Hardy,' ' Zephirin 
Gregoire,' ' Marguerite Marrillat.' Round lenticels are borne by 
' Verulam,' ' Josephine de Malines,' ' Fertility,' ' Pitmaston Duchess,' 
' Louise Bonne,' ' Duchesse d'Angouleme ' (fig. 6), and ' Glou Morceau.' 
This character is so plainly visible that it provides one of the easiest 
tests of the genuineness of any variety. 
The form of wood-buds is perhaps one of the most distinctive 
characters in Pears, and they are very constant if the precaution is 
taken to compare the middle of the shoot, and it is not too much to 
say that were they studied as carefully as the fruit they would provide 
a ready means of identification. 
It will be found in most varieties that the bud preserves its form 
and colour throughout the shoot ; the size will vary according to the 
vigour of the shoot and the direction it takes ; pointing away more or 
less tends to be accentuated toward the base of the shoot in most cases. 
The figures given are typical and, of course, taken from the middle of 
a one year shoot. 
The principal characters are as follows : — 
The shape of the bud may be long or narrow, short, plump, conical, 
or rounded. It may be closely pressed to the shoot or standing away 
at a greater or less angle. The bud scales may be tightly or loosely 
wrapped. The colour is rather difficult to describe; it is usually 
chestnut-brown, lighter or darker, and may have more or less of a 
white waxy deposit on it. A few varieties, e.g. ' Duchesse d'Angouleme, ' 
show a golden felted appearance which is due to yellow down inside 
the bud scales. When the bud is loosely wrapped this is often seen. 
The support or leaf scar on which the bud rests aids very largely 
by its shape in giving the individual expression. It will be seen by 
