228 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
Tobacco Plants, Dipping, at Transplanting Time for the Control of the Tobacco 
Flea Beetle (Epitrix parvula Fabr.). By Z. P. Metcalf (Jour. Econ. Entom. 
vol. xiii. pp. 398-400 ; Oct. 1920). — It is pointed out that the flea beetle is 
most destructive just after transplanting. Dipping the plants in solutions of 
arsenate of lead at transplanting time was tried as a means of assisting the 
plant over this critical period, and it was found that 1 lb. of arsenate of lead 
powder to 10 gallons of water gave a total effectiveness of 78 per cent. In 
this connexion it is interesting to note the author's observation that the tobacco 
plant, when properly hardened off, will stand almost any quantity of arsenate 
of lead. Solutions as strong as 20 lb. to 50 gallons were used without appreciable 
injury to the plant. — G. W. G. 
Tomato, Bacterial Spot of. By Max W. Gardner and James B. Kendrick 
(U.S.A. Jour. Agr. Res. xxi. No. 2, April 1921, pp. 123-156; 5 plates). — 
Bacterial spot of the Tomato is a typical spot disease of the fruits, stems, and 
leaves. Nearly all varieties of tomato are susceptible, and potatos and peppers 
may also be attacked. The disease was first reported in Tennessee, Illinois, and 
Michigan, and is caused by a monoflagellate bacterium known as Bacterium 
exiiiosum n. sp. It grows readily on a variety of culture media producing yellow 
translucent colonies. It produces no gas or acid with carbohydrates, is highly 
sensitive to sunlight, and can resist prolonged desiccation. Foliage infection is 
by means of the stomata, but fruit infection by punctured wounds, and causes 
black scabs on skin of fruits. Leaf lesions are at first translucent, then become 
black and greasy with translucent margins, and are not usually confined to the 
veins. The organism winters on the surface of the tomato, and diseased fruits 
readily disseminate the bacteria. No effective control measures are yet known. 
A bibliography is appended. — A. B. 
Tomato, Collar Rot of. By F. J. Pritchard and W. S. Porte (U.S.A. Jour. 
Agr. Res. xxi. No. 3, May 1921, pp. 179-184 ; 5 plates). — A new disease of 
tomato seedlings which takes form of rotting and girdling of the stems at the 
surface of the soil has during the past three years caused heavy loss in the 
Eastern States. It is chiefly a seed-bed disease, and the symptoms are dark 
brown lesions on the stem near the ground, forming a kind of collar. The disease 
is attributed to Macros porium solani by Rosenbaum, and to Rhizoctonia by Cook. 
The authors have, however, isolated a Verticillium which can also produce the 
typical symptoms of the disease. 
In inoculation experiments with these fungi made by applying fresh cultures 
to uninjured stems or mixing them with the potted soil, Verticillium ly 'coper sici 
and Macrosporium solani infected tomato seedlings equally, which Rhizoctonia 
solani produced a very few infections of a superficial nature. All three fungi 
produced typical collar rot lesions on stems of potato and horse nettles. — A . B. 
Tomato, Insect Enemies and Diseases of. By F. H. Chittenden (U.S.A. 
Dep. Agr., Circ. 40, June 191 9 ; 23 figs.)/ — The principal insect enemies are 
the cutworms, blister-beetles, flea-beetles, stalk-borers, plant lice, red spider 
and white fly. These can all be controlled by spraying in the usual manner with 
various well-tried remedies. 
All diseases are of fungoid or bacterial origin, and can be successfully pre- 
vented in most cases by careful rotation of crops, planting resistant varieties, 
and judicious spraying with Bordeaux. — V. G. J. 
Tomato Leaf-spot, Effect of Fertilizers and Lime upon. By F. J. Pritchard 
and W. S. Porte (Phytopathology, xi. pp. 433-445, Nov. 192 1). — A discussion 
of results of other workers, and an account of experiments on leaf-spot of tomato, 
due to Septoria ly coper sici. It is concluded that favourable conditions for 
growth increased susceptibility to infection and unfavourable conditions decreased 
it. — F. J. C. 
Transplanting, An Investigation in. By J. C. Whitten (Univ. of Missouri 
Agr. Exp. Stn., Res. Bull. 33, January 1919). — At the Missouri Experimental 
Station fall planting hardy fruit trees and most hardy deciduous shrubs has 
given better results than spring planting, late fall planting giving better results 
than early fall. Late spring planting gave as good results as early spring, providing 
the trees were kept dormant until they were planted. Coniferous evergreens 
succeed best if transplanted just as their new growth is starting in the late spring. 
Early fall planted trees have begun root growth no earlier than those planted in 
late fall, and the earlier planted ones " dried out " more during fall and winter 
than did those planted later. Young apple trees having their branches pruned 
back in autumn make better growth the following season than do trees pruned 
back in spring, and this holds true whether or not the trees are transplanted. 
The tops of all young fruit trees should be pruned back at time of transplanting, 
