WARM-BLOODED ANIMALS. 
711 
is very minute, and rises with the temperature, until at 34° the output 
is, weight for weight of body, erpiial to that of a man. 
The observations of Pembrey 1 and Vernon 2 seem to show that the 
output of carbon dioxide in frogs {Rana temporia) does not increase in 
exact proportion with the temperature. 
Warm-blooded animals. — Since the first experiments by Crawford, 3 
in which it was shown that a guinea-pig produced more carbon dioxide 
in cold than in warm surroundings, numerous observations 4 have been 
Animal. 
Tempera- 
ture of 
Air. 
• >xygen absorbed 
per Kilo, and 
Hour. 
Carbon-Dioxide 
discharged 
per Kilo. 
and Hour. 
Water 
discharged 
per Kilo. 
and Hour. 
OOa 
O2 
CO* 
BzO 
Observer. 
C.c. 
C.c. 
Guinea-pig 
( 15 3 -5 
\ 6°-0 
1079-66 
1438-31 
1065-92 
1262-67 
•98 
•88 
} 
Colasanti. 5 
( 22 3 -2 
1050-00 
867-19 
•S3 
:::j| 
)) 
\ 6° -3 
^1592-33 
1230-00 
•7L< 
( 3°-64 
1856-50 
1554-80 
•83 
... | 
Finkler. 6 
? j 
( 26-21 
1118-50 
1057-40 
•94 
) 
Grms. 
Grms. 
Grms. 
f 3 ' 
9-030 
9-505 
6-705 
•76 
1-4 ^ 
Mouse ; 
5° 
8-384 
8-641 6-721 
•74 
1-2 
weightabout-! 10 o, 5 
6-660 
7-443 5-079 
•80 
1-4 \ 
1-0 
1-0 J 
Oddi 7 
19 grms. 
25° 
4-862 
5-400 5-102 
•80 
{ 35 J 
5-912 
4-977 4-736 
•65 
/ " 9 ° 
3-016 
... Corin and Van 
Pigeon 
•\ 17°'5 
1-141 
... 
Beneden. 8 
Grms. 
Grms. 
Grms. 
[ -3° -2 
21-39 
•22-03 
14-12 
1 
Cat . 
J 
r-3 
17-73 
18-92 
10-87 
Carl Theodor. y 
1 
18 o- 
12-30 
13-93 
10-60 
J 
I 
29° -6 
13-91 
13-12 
19*48 
For periods of 
six hours, cat weighing 
2557-2650 
grms. The figures are 
not reduced to kilo, and hour. 
1 " Proc. Physiol. Soc," Journ. Physiol., Cambridge and London, 1894, vol. xvi. 
2 Journ. Physiol., Cambridge and London, 1894-1895, vol. xvii. p. 277. 
3 " On Animal Heat," London, 1788, pp. 311, 387. 
4 Delaroche, Journ. de phys. de chim. etc., Paris, 1813, tome lxxvii. p. 5 ; Vierordt, 
"Physiol, des Athmens," 1845; "Wagner's "Handworterbuch," 1844, Bd. ii. S. 828; 
Letellier, Ann. de chim. etphys., Paris, 1845, Ser. 3. tome xiii. p. 478 ; Lehmann, Abhandl. 
d. k. sacks. Gescllsch. d. Wissensch., Leipzig, 1S46, S. 463; Liebenneister, Deutsches Arch. 
f. klin. Med., Leipzig, 1872, Bd. x. S. 89, 420; Gildemeister, Virchow's Archiv, Bd. lii. 
S. 130 ; Sanders-Ezn, Ber. d. k. sdchs. Gesellsch. d. Wissensch. Math.-phys. CI., Leipzig, 
1867, S. 58 ; Ruling and Zuntz, Arch. f. d. ges. Physiol., Bonn, 1871, Bd. iv. S. 57 ; 
Pfluger, ibid., 1876, Bd. xii. S. 282 ; Begnault and Reiset, Ann. d. Chem. u. Pharm., 
1850, Bd. lxxiii. S. 260 ; Berthollet, Mem. de la Soc. de phys. et de chim. d'Arcueil, Paris, 
tome ii. ; Senator, Arch. f. Anat., Physiol., it. wissensch. Med., 1872, S. 1 ; 1874, S. 42. 
54; Centralbl. f. d. med. Wissensch., Berlin, 1871, Kbs. 47 and 48 ; Erler, Arch. f. Anat., 
physiol., u. icissensch. Med., 1876, S. 556 ; Litten. Virchow's Archiv, 1877, Bd. lxx. S. 10 ; 
Fredericq. Arch, de biol., Gaud, 1882, tome iii. pp. 736, 743 ; Quinquand, Cornpt. rend. 
Acad. d. sc, Paris, 1887, tome civ. p. 1542. 
5 Arch. f. d. ges. Physiol., Bonn, 1877, Bd. xiv. S. 92. See also Pfluger, ibid., 
S. 469. 
6 Ibid., 1877, Bd. xv. S. 603. 
7 Arch. ital. de biol., Turin, 1891, vol. xv. p. 223. 
8 Arch, de biol., Gand, 1887, tome vii. p. 265. 
9 Ztschr.f. Biol., Miinchen, 1878, Bd. xiv. S. 51. 
