746 
CHEMISTR Y OF RESPJRA TION. 
life under water is much shortened when the temperature of the water is 
high. The explanation of this is to be sought in the fact that the respi- 
ratory exchange of these immature animals is relatively small, and rises 
and falls with the external temperature. 1 
Animal. 
Tempera- 
ture of 
Water. 
Duration of 
Life. 
Remarks. 
Observer. 
Mammals — 
Min. 
Sec. 
Dog . 
4 
25 
Mean of three experiments. 
Paul Bert. 
,, five days old 
6° 
12 
5 
, , two , , 
Edwards. 
)) !) 
22- .") 
55 
30 
Cat, two months old . 
2 
50 
Paul Bert. 
,, two days old 
0° 
4 
33 
,, nine ,, 
Edwards. 
5> )) 
10' 
10 
23 
,, three ,, 
j) 
JJ : J 
20° 
38 
45 
!> two ,, 
> ■ 
26 3 
34 
30 
J) ;> 
30° 
29 

,, two ,, 
j j 
J) 11 
42° 
10 
27 
„ four ,, 
Kitten, very young 
14° 
27 
30 
Paul Bert. 
)) !> 
20° 
26 

, 
,, 
26° 
18 

36 D 
11 
30 
Seal, 1 metre long 
15-28 

Rabbit 
3 

Mean of six experiments; 
rabbits without food for 
previous twenty - four 
hours. 
" 
,, . . . . 
2 
53 
Mean of three experiments ; 
rabbits well fed pre- 
viously. 
" 
Guinea-pig . 
2 

>) 
,, adult 
3 
35 
Mean of three experiments. 
Edwards. 
,, two to three 
5 
25 
,, six ,, 
days old 
Birds — 
Sparrow 
0° 

30 
.Mean of seven experiments. 
>j 
,, 
20° 

46 
>> !) )) 
?) 
40° 

39 
,, six ,, 
... 

37 
two 
Paul' Bert. 
Pigeon 
... 
1 
16 
,, live ,, 
J J 
Hen . 
3 
31 
,, six ., 
,, 
Duck . 
I '" 
11 
17 
eight 
>! 
The practical importance of these experiments in connection with 
the cases of suspended animation in children at birth, and in adults 
after drowning, is obvious. 2 
The Exchange of Gases between the Blood and the Am in 
the Lungs — External Eespieation. 
The mechanism of the ventilation of the lungs is described in 
another part of this work ; 3 here it is necessary only to discuss the 
frequency and volume of inspiration and expiration, the capacity of the 
1 This article, p. 713. See also "Animal Heat," this Text-book, vol. i. p. 865. 
- "Report of the Royal Humane Society," 1S65, p. 31. 
3 "Mechanism of Respiration," this Text-book, vol. ii. 
