8o2 
ANIMAL HEAT. 
the two chief meals were at 11 p.m. and 6 a.m. Notwithstanding the 
inversion of daily routine, Mosso found that the morning rise still took 
place about the same time, and, as the following curves (Fig. 80) will 
show, the daily variation was not inverted, although the sleep during 
the day caused a fall, and getting up in the evening a marked rise, in 
temperature. The effect of the experiment was to disturb the regularity 
of the daily variation, but on the fourth day the influence of the sleep 
during the day was most marked, a fact which seems to indicate that, 
if the habit were long continued, a tendency to inversion would be 
observed in the daily variation of temperature. 
Hour 
Nor 
5 
i 
nal 
2 
3 
4 
5 6 
7 
8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
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Routine of life inverted. 
4th. day. April 15th. 1885. 
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Fig. SO. — Daily variations in temperature observed during U. Mosso's experiments. 
Buchser, 1 an engineer, who was accustomed to sleep during the day 
ami work at night, found that his average morning temperature was 
37°'25, while his evening temperature was 3G°"8. 
There are secondary causes of the daily variation. The periods of 
high and low bodily temperature more or less correspond with the times 
of day when the external temperature is high and low respectively. 
Further, there appears to be a certain periodicity, the result of long-con- 
tinued habits of life, stamped upon the processes which regulate tem- 
perature. This is shown by the fact that the daily variation still 
persists, although it may be slightly modified, during a period of fasting 
or night-watching, 2 and a similar daily variation is observed in the 
respiration and pulse, 3 in the discharge of urea, 4 and in the capacity 
1 Quoted from Carter, Journ. Nero, and Kent. Bis., X.Y., 1S90. vol. xvii. p. 7S5. 
2 Jurgensen, "Die Korperwarme des gesunden Mensclien," Leipzig, 1873; Ogle, St. 
George's Hosp. Rep., London, 1866, vol. i. p. 228; Crombie, Indian Ann. Med. Sc, 
Calcutta, 1873, vol. xvi. p. 597; Liebermeister, "Handbuch <1. Path. u. Therap. des 
Fiebers." 
3 Lichtenfels and Froldieh, Denkschriften d. I: Akad. d. Wissensch. Jf'icn. 1S52, Bd. iii. 
Abth. 2, S. 113; Neuhauss, Virchoufs Archiv. 1893, Bd. cxxxiv. S. 365. See al>o this 
article, p. 813; Bosanquet, Lancet, London, 1895, vol. i. p. 672: Damrosch, Dcutsches 
Arch.f. klin. Med., Leipzig, 1853, S. 342 ; Jous.-et, Arch, dc me'd. nar., Paris, 1883, tome 
xl. pp. 284-5 ; Chossat, Mem. Acad. d. sc. de I'Inst. dc France, Pans, 1S43, tomeviii. p. 540. 
4 Weigelin, Arch.f. Anat., Physiol, u. wissensch. Med., Leipzig, 1868, S. 207. 
