B ODIL Y TEMPERA TURE COM PA TIBLE WITH LIFE. 8 2 1 
whereas thai of a norma] animal exposed to cold only varied one, or 
two-tenths of a degree. Similar results have been obtained by others. 1 
CaJorimetric observations have been made by Reichert 2 upon the 
intluence of alcohol on the production and loss of heat in dogs; he 
found that the total heal production was not essentially altered, hut the 
loss exceeded the production, and therefore the temperature fell. The 
doses given were 1'25, 2*5, and 5 e.c. per kilo, of the animal's weight. 
Chloroform, ether, morphia, chloral, and nicotine. — The general 
effect of these drugs is to cause a fall in the temperature of the body, 3 
and in poisonous doses to so greatly depress the power of heat regulation 
that a warm-blooded animal passes into a condition in which it cannot 
maintain its temperature, its respiratory exchange and temperature 
varying with, and in the same direction as, that of its surroundings 
(Eumpf, Pembrey). Calorimetric observations made by J. Eosenthal 
show that under the intluence of chloral the temperature of rabbits falls,* 
the discharge of heat is 30 to 40 per cent, greater than the normal, and 
the production of heat and also of carbon dioxide is diminished ; strychnia 
and tetanus, on the other hand, increase the production but diminish the 
loss of heat. 
Cocain, 5 atropin, brucin, caffein, and veratrin raise the temperature : 
the most remarkable pyretic drug, however, is /S-tetra hydronaphthyl- 
amine, which causes in the case of rabbits a rapid rise of three or four 
degrees in the rectal temperature G ; curari " causes a marked fall in 
temperature. 
The limits of bodily temperature compatible with life. — Although 
the range of temperature in a normal man is less than 2°, yet a 
much wider range is observed in certain pathological conditions. 
Thus by exposure to cold, especially when the subjects are drunk, 
the temperature may fall even as low as 24° without a fatal issue. 
Eeincke 8 has recorded numerous cases of low temperature resulting 
from the accidental exposure of drunkards to cold air and water. 
In two of these cases the rectal temperature was 30° and 24° re- 
spectively ; the patients were unconscious, but under treatment 
1 Rumpf, Arch. f. d. ges. Physiol., Bonn, 1884, Bd. xxxiii. S. 538 ; Ringer and Rickards, 
/'.<■. cit. ; Tsehesckichin, Arch. f. Anal., Physiol, w. wissettsch. Med., 1866, S. 161 ; Cuny 
Bouvier, loc. cit. 
2 Therap. Gaz., Detroit, February, 1890. 
:; Dumeril and Deniarquay, "Reckerckes experimentales sur les modifications imprime'es 
a la temperature animate par l'etker et rchloroforrne," 1848 ; Brown-Sequard, Ccnwpt. rend,. 
Soc. de biol., Paris, 1849, Xo. 7, p. 102 ; Tsekesckickin, loc. cit. ; Lallemand, Perrin, and 
Duroy, " Du role de l'alcool et des anesthesia ues dans l'oi-aanisme," Paris. 1860; Spencer 
Wells, Edin. Med. Journ., 1869, 1870 ; Richardson, 1 ; London, 1869, 1870 : 
"Waren Tay, Brit. Med. Journ., London, 1870, vol. i. p. 329 : Oglesby, Practitioner, London, 
l s 7": Augelesco, Compt. rend. Soc. de biol., Paris, 1894, p. 7S6 ; Ricket, C'ompt. rend. Acad. 
d. sc., Paris, 1S89, tome cix. p. 190 ; Arch, de physiol. norm, et path., Paris, 1890, tome ii. 
p. 221 ; Warter, Med. Times mi' 1 ' Gaz., London, 1S66, vol. ii. p. 416 ; Licktenfels and 
Frbhlich, Denkschriften d. k. Akad. d. Wissensch. Math.-naturw. CI., Wien, 1852, Bd. iii. 
Abtk. 2, S. 137 ; Hobday, Journ. Comp. Path, and Therap., Edin. and London, vol. viii. 
p. 287; Pembrey, "Proc. Pkysiol. Soc," Journ. Physiol., Cambridge and London, 1894- 
1895, vol. xvii. 
4 Sitzungsb. d. k. Akad. d. Wissensch. zv Berlin, 1890, Bd. xx. ; xxi. p. 393. 
5 Mantegazza, Ann. univ. di med. >• chir., Milano, 1859, vol. clxvii. ; L T . Mosso, Arch, 
ital. de biol.. Turin, 1887, vol. viii. p. 370 ; 1891, vol. xiv. p. 288 ; Hobday, Journ. 
Path, and, Therap., Edin. and London, 1895, vol. viii. p. 20 ; 1897, vol. x. p. SO. 
6 Stern, Virchoic's Archiv, 1889, Bd. cxv. S. 14; Fawcett and Hale White. Journ. 
Physiol., Cambridge and London, 1897, vol. xxi. p. 435. 
' : This article, p. 841. 
8 Deutsches Arch . f. klin. Med., Leipzig, 1S75. Bd. xvi. S. 12. 
