8s6 
ANIMAL HEAT. 
o, 4 above that of the mouth, and that the difference between the 
temperature of the axilla and of the mouth is so small that it may be 
neglected, especially since the variation is not constantly in favour of 
the one or the other. 
The temperature of internal parts in animals. — Numerous 
observations have been made upon the temperature of the internal 
parts of animals, either during life or immediately after death. Some 
of these results are now given in the following tables : * — 
Animal. 
Temperature of Part. 
Observer. 
f 
Dog J 
1 
I 
Dog . { 
f 
Lamb 
just dead j 
I 
Dogs 
Lambs J 
(four) -| 
just dead j 
I 
Dog .( 
Lambs j 
(three), - 
just dead ( 
Turkey, j 
just dead j 
Rectum, 38° 
Right ventricle, 38° '3 
Liver, 3S°"2 
Stomach, 38° '3 
Aorta, 38° -6 
Portal vein, 38°"8 
Rectum, 40° *8 
Liver, 41° '4 
Lung, 41 '4 
Right ventricle, 41 "1 
Left ventricle, 41 '7 
Blood of jugular vein, 40 '8 
Blood of carotid artery, 41° - 7 
Blood in abdominal aorta, 38 '3-38° "6 
Rectum, 40°, 40°-6, 40°-6, 40 -6 
Right ventricle, 40° -8, 40°'6, 40°'8, 
4l°-l 
Left ventricle, 41°"1, 41 °1, 41 -4, 41 '7 
Blood of jugular vein, 40' 
Blood of carotid arterv, 40° "8 
Portal vein, 40° '2 
Hepatic vein, 40° "6 
Brain, 40°, 41°, 40° -8 
Rectum, 40 4, 40 8, 41 4 
Cloaca, 42° -2 
Gizzard, 42°"8 
Pectoral muscle. 42 - 2 
Hunter. 2 
Bernard. 
Davy. 3 
>> 
Bavliss and Hill. 4 
Davy.- 
J ) 
) J 
») 
Bernard. 5 
Davy. 3 
Davy. 6 
Hobday 7 finds in the case of horses, cows, sheep, dogs, and pigs, that 
the vaginal temperature is generally one-tenth of a degree lower than 
that of the rectum ; at the times of oestrum, however, the vagina often 
has the higher temperature. 
The temperature of arterial and venous blood. — The temperature 
of the blood has attracted considerable attention for many years — 
first, on account of the ancient view that the heat of the body was 
produced in the heart ; and, secondly, because the work of Lavoisier 
and Crawford tended to show that heat was produced in the blood 
as it passed through the lungs or other parts of the body. More re- 
cently, attention has again been directed to this question by Berthelot, 8 
who shows that a certain amount of heat is formed in the lungs bv 
1 The results of other observations will be found in Rosenthal's article, Hermann's 
'• Handbuch," Bd. iv. Th. 2, S. 393. 
2 "Works," Palmer's edition, London, 1S37, vol. iv. p. 145. 
3 "Researches," London, 1839, vol. i. p. 147 ; Phil. Trans., London, 1814. p. 590. 
4 Journ. Physiol., Cambridge and London, 1894, vol. xvi. p. 351. 
5 "Lecons sur la chaleur animale," 1876, p. 188. 
6 "Researches," London. 1839, vol. i. p. 159. 
7 Vet. Record, London, 1896, vol. viii. p. 488. 8 This article, p. 839. 
