THE DIFFERENT FORMS OF GOVERNMENT. 
547 
tribe ; and finally, by the monarch and his nation : the same parental 
authority and affection, the sap of nutriment and health, constituting 
the vital essence of a monarch's, as of a father's, power. 
Besides that authority and mode of government which are 
founded on the parental principle, and which both the history of 
past ages, and the present state of mankind, seem to pronounce the 
most natural, because the most general, there is another mode which, 
though more unfrequent, has, under its proper circumstances, the 
sanction of a natural principle and of the voice of reason. Orphans 
continue together to conduct the affairs of the family for their mutual 
benefit ; and small families associate by compact, for mutual pro- 
tection. If the republican form of government be not so regularly 
derivable from these principles, as the monarchical, from the paternal, 
it takes from them, nevertheless, a primary example which Nature 
offers for imitation in parallel cases. 
If those who have lost their natural parents, orphans by mis- 
fortune, agree to appoint one of their number to the management of 
their affairs, or if combined families entrust their power to any in- 
dividual, whom they may be free to select, retaining at the same 
time to themselves a certain share of it and a right of control over 
him, a mixed form of government arises, which is sanctioned by a 
principle equally just and equally existent in nature. 
The authority derived from conquest, though real and often per- 
manent, has in the earlier state of society, no example on which to 
found its right, but on that of the first robber. So dissimilar is its 
nature from that of either of the others, that it stands in direct 
opposition to them all : there is but one case in which it is not high 
injustice ; and self-p>rotection is the only plea to be brought forward 
in its support. 
It did not appear that among the Bichuana nations there was any 
example of, either the republican, or the mixed, form of govern- 
ment; unless the influence of the chieftains in offering their counsel 
to the Chief, may be viewed as tending to give it somewhat of the 
latter character ; a conclusion which his conduct on many occasions, 
will not allow me to draw. Neither could I learn that any of the 
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