The Garenganze Kingdom and People. 235 
capital. These officers employ many spies of their own, so that 
it is almost impossible for any elephant-hunting to go on without 
their knowledge ; and when an elephant is killed or found dead 
these officers at once learn all about it — the size of its tusks, etc. 
Should the chief find out by means of this secret service that one 
of the minor chiefs has been possessing himself of ivory, or 
secretly disposing of it to traders, he instantly, without giving any 
warning, sends a company of his soldiers to kill him ; his villages 
are attacked and reduced to ashes, and all his people are carried 
off. By this means ivory-stealing or smuggling may be said to be 
prevented, and it is very seldom attempted. Thus, without 
books, without archives, or the machinery of civihzation, this 
great man rules the whole country, sitting quietly at his capital, 
and knowing exactly what is going on in all parts of his empire, 
and he is everywhere feared. 
THE CAPITAL A GREAT TRADE CENTRE. 
At Msidi's capital I have met with native traders from Uganda ; 
the Unyamwesi country; the Ungala, to the east of Lake 
Tanganyika; the Luba country, almost as far down as the 
Stanley Falls; the basin of the Zambesi; Zumbu, Bihe, and 
Angola, as well as Arab traders from Lake Nyassa and Zanzibar. 
Copper, salt, ivory, and slaves are the chief articles of commerce. 
In exchange for these Msidi purchases flint-lock guns, powder, 
cloth, and beads, besides many other curious things that these 
native and Arab traders bring. It is, indeed, quite an entertain- 
ment when Msidi opens out his stores and exhibits his treasures, 
in doing which he seems to take a peculiar pleasure. His 
collection contains tins of meat unopened, musical boxes, 
concertinas, guns and pistols, all kinds of opera glasses, scientific 
instruments (generally out of order), trinkets of every imaginable 
description, watches and jewellery; also cast-off clothing, varying 
in quality and colour from the sombre blue of the London 
policeman's uniform to the gorgeous dress of some Portuguese 
governor. 
The natives cultivate large quantities of Kaffir corn, maize, 
rice, sweet potatoes, yams, onions, peanuts, cassava, etc. They 
are a decidedly industrious race of people, and their love of 
hoeing and other menial occupations shows that they are not 
