APPENDIX. 
A. 
:. ^rnot's jpdlotn=laboums. 
FEW remarks are called for regarding the fellow-labourers men- 
tioned in Mr. Arnot's narrative, to whom he was able to entrust 
the small beginning of work that he had made in Garenganze. In the 
comparatively limited circle of Christians who knew of Mr. Arnot's 
stedfast effort to help Africans much prayerful sympathy was drawn 
out, and one and another thought of joining him in his lonely service. 
The first to set forth was Mr. Swan, of Sunderland, who proceeded to 
Lisbon for a few months to learn Portuguese, which is almost a 
necessity in the Benguella district of West Africa. As he was leaving 
Lisbon he was joined by a volunteer from Liverpool, Mr. P. Scott. 
They proceeded together, reaching Benguella in June, 1886. Their 
letters to friends at home were interesting, but we do not wish to 
swell this volume by inserting them. First impressions of Benguella 
were not favourable. Although the Portuguese have had possessions 
on the west coast of Africa for some centuries, the appearance of 
the natives made it apparent how little had been done for them. 
Though some were well clothed, many had but little covering. Most 
seemed as dark and degraded as those unreached in the interior ; and 
the employment of women in the ordinary labour of building and 
making roads, accompanied by men with long rods as overseers, did 
not tell of much advance in civilization. At the one Roman Catholic 
chapel very few people attended ; and the ringing of large bells, firing 
of guns, and letting off fireworks on saints' days seemed to be the 
chief religious observances. It was, however, refreshing to them to 
see a few children under the care of the American Mission agent and 
his wife, and to hear them sing in their own language some gospel 
hymns. When shown a Scripture scrap-book they were delighted, and 
were able to recognize many of the persons and scenes in the pictures. 
A sort of plundering warfare was then going on between the Bihd and 
Bailundu tribes, because the chief of Bihe had taken from a caravan 
