And Surrounding Country. 261 
DR. Livingstone's account. 
Of Livingstone's very arduous and prolonged explorations in Africa 
from 1849 to 1873, but a small part, contained in his Last Journals 
(2 vols.), will come under our notice. In April, 1866, he set out on 
his final journeys into the interior from Mikindany Bay on the east 
coast, and following the River Rovuma reached Lake Nyassa. 
Turning round the south end of that lake he proceeded northward, 
and crossed the Chambeze River, but without seeing Lake Bangweolo, 
and passed on to Lake Tanganyika. Thence he went westward to 
Lake Moero, and in 1868 discovered Lake Bangweolo, but very soon 
returned northwards, and during the years he was not heard of, when 
many gave him up as dead, he was busily occupied in exploring on 
either side of Tanganyika, till Stanley found him at Ujiji in 1871. 
After a few months Stanley returned to England, and Livingstone 
resumed his search into the heart of Africa. Four years later he 
reached Bangweolo a second time, but in great weakness, and passing 
round the east border of the lake ended his life's labours for Africa at 
Chitambo's on the south, May 4th, 1873. 
From his Journals we purpose gathering details as to (i) the 
journey across the Chambeze ; (2) his first visit to Bangweolo ; (3) 
his last journey round part of the lake. 
The small map, given on page 269, copied from M. Giraud's, does 
not show Livingstone's route, but it can be followed without difficulty. 
In the district represented by the map, the relative position of four 
of the lakes of Central Africa is shown, and from the height of these 
lakes we can form some idea of the region. In round numbers, 
Nyassa is 1600 feet above the sea ; Tanganyika, 2600 feet ; Bang- 
weolo, 3600 feet ; Moero, 3000 feet. The two lakes on the east, 
Nyassa and Tanganyika, are very long and narrow and very deep, 
with high mountains around ; they are connected by a high range, 
5000 feet above sea-level, and some of the adjoining mountains are 
8000 feet high. From this connecting range spring the streams that 
form the Chambeze river (which must not be confounded with the 
Zambesi). The Chambeze flows slowly into Lake Bangweolo, and 
leaves it as the Luapula river. Similarly this flows into Lake Moero, 
and leaves it as the Lualaba, which further on is called the Congo. 
Though on a very high tract of land, Lake Bangweolo is shallow, 
with flat country around, and in the wet season it greatly extends its 
limits, perhaps thirty miles or more, to the south and east. West of 
the Luapula river, and separated by a range of mountains, is Garen- 
ganze, and Msidi's town is on a branch of the Lufira, which is one of 
the many sources of the Congo, and joins the Lualaba above Lake 
Moero. 
