30 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
flower (see, e.g., William Hanbury 1770,* John Rea, 1665. f) Robinson { 
describes a dark crimson as an old form with flowers nearly black 
which has now become almost extinct. But a pure white form, as 
distinct from cream or pale yellow, is not known in Cheiranthus to-day. 
It is true that the mention of a white form occurs persistently in the 
writings of various botanists from Camerarius § (1588) onwards. || 
Even as late as 1824 Green ]f mentions a white type in the list of 
principal varieties of Cheiranthus Cheiri, all of which he says occur 
both as singles and doubles. But it is to be noted that nearly all 
these authors emphasize the greenness of the leaves of this white- 
flowered plant, and notwithstanding the statement of Rea that there 
is a true white Wallflower as well as a white Stock-Gilliflower and 
that the two can be distinguished by their scent, we are led to infer 
that this white plant to which reference is so frequently made was 
in fact a Stock. The evidence of Rea himself that the leaves of this 
plant are as green or greener than those of the yellow Wallflower, 
and of C. Bauhin that the leaves are glabrous, shining, and thick, 
point almost certainly to this conclusion — a view which is confirmed 
by the further statement of the last-named author that the smell 
is somewhat sweet in the evening. We may, I think, safely regard 
these statements as all having reference to a white-flowered Stock of 
the wallflower-leaved class.** The wallflower-leaved form is generally 
believed to have been introduced into Western Europe from the 
Grecian Archipelago, though at what date is unknown. On this 
view we arrive at the further conclusion that there being no clear 
evidence as to the existence, either now or in the past, of a pure white 
Wallflower, the plants referred to by Ibn al Awam in the article in 
question are probably neither of them Wallflowers, as supposed by 
Clement-Mullet, but Stocks, ff since we are told of no difference 
* A Complete Body of Planting and Gardening, vol. i. 
t Flora, Ceres, et Pomona. 
% The English Flower Garden, 3rd edition, 1893. 
§ Hortus Medicus in which is mentioned another (kind) more rare with 
leaf quite green, flowers white, somewhat fragrant, &c. 
|| See C. Bauhin (Phytopinax, 1598), who says that he is led to place this 
form which smells at night with the Wallflower rather than with the Stock 
on account of the greenness of the leaves ; Parkinson, Paradisus terrestris, 1629, 
who mentions a sort with flowers of a very white colour, having a faint or weak 
scent; Gerarde (The Herball, 2nd edit. 1636), who speaks of a kind with very 
green leaves and pure white well-smelling flowers ; J. Bauhin (Historia Plan- 
tarum, 165 1), who quotes from Camerarius and adds that the leaves are of a 
shining green ; John Rea, Flora, Ceres, et Pomona, 1665, who lists both single 
and double white Wallflowers, the leaves of Which are as green or greener than 
those of the yellow form, and the flowers of a fair white colour ; he adds that 
there is also a sort of double white Stock-Gilliflower raised from seeds which 
on account of its green leaves is called by some the white Wallflower, but that 
any who are familiar with the different scents of the Wall- and Stock-Gilliflower 
will be able thereby to distinguish the one from the other. 
See also Ray, Historia Plantarum, 1686, loc. cit. p. 781 : Hanbury, loc. cit. 
p. 437 : Miller, Gardening Dictionary, vol. i. 1797. 
The Universal Herbal, 2nd edition. 
** The whole plant in this case is glabrous, and the leaves of a bright shining 
green (hence the name) instead of greyish white as in the hoary type. 
ft It needs scarcely to be mentioned that variegation is a common phenomenon 
among Stocks normally self-coloured, even if the plants are not subjected to 
any such treatment as that recommended by the writer quoted by Ibn al Awam. 
Its occurrence, which with us is most common at the beginning and end of 
