BOOK REVIEWS, 
175 
horticulture, American horticulturists (with portraits), inspection of 
horticultural merchandise ; articles on various gardening operations, 
irrigation, the kitchen garden, and the like, are interspersed with 
articles on the genera in alphabetical order. It is impossible in a 
short review to discuss the articles in detail, and what we said 
in referring to the earlier volumes applies equally to these. One 
thing calls, perhaps, for comment. Very few horticultural varieties 
are mentioned unless they happen to have names of Latin form. 
This excludes numbers of well-known garden forms. For instance, 
among Daffodils, ' Empress,' ' Golden Spur,' ' Henry Irving ' are the 
only varieties with fancy names mentioned ; no form of incomparabilis 
(except ' Sir Watkin ' in a footnote) finds a place, except albus and 
aurantius, neither of which names is used in gardens. 
The little line-drawings are very useful and refreshing after the 
constantly-recurring half-tone plates one meets everywhere nowadays. 
"The Apple." By Albert E. Wilkinson, 8vo. (Ginn & Co., 
Boston, U.S.A., 1915.) 8s. 6d. 
This book is one of the Country Life Education Series, which are 
well known in America, and it sums up in a convenient way the 
experience of apple-growing which has been gained in that country. 
Owing to its continental climate and wide diversity of temperature, 
American cultivation differs radically from that of our cooler and moister 
island. The British fruit-grower can, however, nearly always turn 
with profit to the experiences of America. The greater adaptability 
in the face of new problems and the relentless scrapping of conservative 
ideas provides always some points of interest and often information 
of value. The recent introduction of American spraying methods is 
a case in point. It will not be necessary, therefore, to discuss the 
routine practices which are common to all fruit-growers, but rather 
to glance at certain details which are of special interest to us in this 
country. 
A point which is new is the influence of large bodies of water 
upon the temperature of adjacent orchards, and evidence is brought 
to show that this is considerable, the Ontario orchards being a case 
in point. It is said that 70 oil-burners an acre will raise the night 
temperature during the flowering season 4 degrees, while a body of 
water 1 foot deep and 1 acre in extent will give off considerably more 
heat. The popular idea in this country is that the neighbourhood 
of water is to be avoided by fruit-growers as more liable to frost a 
It would be of interest to know upon what basis this idea is founded. 
A chapter on the adaptability of certain apples to different soils 
is of great interest, even though the varieties named are not those 
much cultivated in this country. The mechanical texture of the 
soil seems to be of considerable importance. The information in 
this section is stated to be " after" H. J. Wilder. As, however, a 
great deal of it is a verbatim quotation of a special article by Wilder 
