NOTES AND ABSTRACTS. 
189 
made in 1904-5 from Australia and Fiji to deal with the sugar-cane leaf -hopper 
(Perkinsiella saccharicida). 
The egg parasites Paranagrus optabilis, P. perforator, Anagrus frequens, and 
Ootetrastichus beatus were successful in a few years in reducing an estimated loss 
of $3,000,000 per annum to a negligible amount. P. optabilis has been the most 
useful one. 
Beneficial results are very apparent also from the introduction in 1910 from 
New Guinea of Ceramasia sphenophori, parasitic on the sugar-cane weevil borer 
(Rhabdocnemis obscura) . 
It is estimated that many thousands of dollars annually are saved to the 
sugar industry by this Tachinid . Several species of fruit-fly parasites have been 
tried, but have not been in operation long enough to enable any definite data 
to be given. — G. W. G. 
Berried Trees and Shrubs. Anon. (Garden, Oct. 2, 1915, p. 482). — The best 
berried trees and shrubs, notably the Holly and Sea Buckthorn, have incon- 
spicuous flowers. The most interesting family is the Symphoricarpos or Snow- 
berry, of which until recently S. racemosus was the best, but 5. occidenlalis, 
shown a year or two ago, has larger berries. Both have glistening white berries, 
and should be grouped in front of dark evergreen, such as Yew. 
Crataegus pyracantha Lelandi, usually grown on a wall, is more effective as a 
free shrub. 
The Sea Buckthorn is beautiful, with <=emi -transparent pale orange berries ; 
the male and female flowers are borne on different plants, and when planting 
one male to three female should be included. This also applies to Skimmias 
and Aucubas. The Cotoneasters are rich in fruiting shrubs. C. Stmmondsi 
retains its berries best. C. frigida is a tall shrub, 20 feet high. C. applanata gives 
promise of being particularly useful from its freedom in fruiting. Of BerbVris, 
B. vulgaris, with coral-red berries, is handsome, but B. Wihonae is more charming 
from its pendulous habit, and the new B. brevipaniculata has large clusters of fruit, 
orange-scarlet and crimson. Pernettya mucronata (Prickly Heath) is dwarf, 
with globular rose-pink berries ; and of Roses R. Moyesii with pear-shaped berries, 
the rugosas, and Sweet Briar are useful for their colour. — H. R. D. 
Berried Trees and Shrubs. By R. W. Wallace (Garden, Oct. 30, 1915, 
P- 53°) — There are many forms close to Berberis Wilsonae, such as subcaulialata 
with glaucous foliage, scarlet stems, and coral-red berries ; B Corryi is a tall erect 
species (close to brevipaniculata) of great strength, with orange-scarlet fruits. 
B. Stapfiana is a sturdier edition of B. Wilsonae. 
Other beautiful Berberis are B. concinna, with large pear-shaped scarlet 
berries; B. verruculos a, with deep green foliage; B. aggregata, of stout growth, 
smothered with scarlet fruit, the best of its class. 
B. Prattii is very distinct ; B. Sargentiana, of the Knightii group, has highly- 
coloured young growths and formidable spines. 
Another brilliant shrub in autumn is Stranvesia undulata. After six years 
it is not more than 18 inches high and covers i\ square yards, smothered with 
dull orange-pink clusters of berries. 
Of Cotoneasters C. Dammeri is useful for the rock garden, and may be 
associated with the grey Spanish Savin. — H. R. D. 
Box Leaf Miner, Fumigation for. By E. P. Felt (Jour. Econ. Entom. 
viii. pp. 94-95, Feb. 191 5). — Experiments were made for killing the larvae of 
Monarthropalpus buxi while still in their mines. Spraying with Black Leaf 40 
(1 part to 500 of water) and 2 lb. fish-oil soap was quite unsuccessful, but fumi- 
gation with carbon bisulphide (2 teaspoonsfuls to a 10-quart jar) for two 
hours proved quite successful in killing the larvae without injuring the foliage. 
Carbon tetrachloride and hydrocyanic acid gas were also used ; some of the larvae 
were killed by the latter, but not all, while fewer still were killed by the former. 
F. J. C. 
Bud Moth, The Lesser. By E. W. Scott and J. H. Paine (U.S.A. 
Dep. Agr., Bur. Entom., Bull. 113, August 1914; 2 plates). — -The larvae of the 
bud moth (Recurvaria nanella) attack blossoms, buds, and leaves of apple, 
peas, cherry, plum, and hawthorn in the spring. The pest can be controlled 
by thoroughly spraying the trees in their dormant state with lime-sulphur solution 
at 32° Baume, used at the rate of 1 gallon to 8 gallons of water. The spraying 
is to be done just before the buds swell, or preferably when they are swelling. 
This treatment is especially recommended, as it involves no extra application 
